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Hynobius glacialis

great purple emperor

Information:

Sasakia charonda, the Japanese emperoror great purple emperor, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is native to Japan (from Hokkaidō to Kyūshū), the Korean Peninsula, China, northern Taiwan and northern Vietnam. Its wingspan averages 50 mm (2.0 in) for males, and 65 mm (2.6 in) for females. They are common in the upper canopies of forests, only coming down to feed or to find salt sources.

Formosan flying fox

Classification:

Chiroptera Pteropodidae

Taiwan Red Book List Assessment Threatened Categories:

endangered

https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/0002233#lg=1&slide=0

In Hong Kong, local fishermen call it "white忌" (which carries an unlucky connotation), but it has been the symbol of good fortune since 1997.

Physical Features:

These dolphins have a fat lump on their back, which makes them appear humpbacked. The subspecies Sousa chinensis plumbea has a less prominent lump.

At birth, their skin is dark gray, turning lighter as they grow. In their adolescent stage, they have gray spots, and as adults, their skin becomes pink with visible blood vessels.

Diet and Behavior:

They mainly feed on fish, shrimp, and other marine creatures like squid and plankton.

They are social animals but do not stay in fixed groups. They frequently change groups. However, a mother will stay with her calf until it reaches adolescence.

Breeding:

Female dolphins mature at about 10 years old, while males mature at 13 years old. The mating season is usually from summer to autumn, and the gestation period lasts about 11 months.

Lifespan:

Taiwanese White Dolphins can live up to 40 years, with the longest recorded lifespan in Hong Kong being 39 years. Scientists estimate their age by examining their teeth.

https://zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A#/media/File%3APink_Dolphin.JPG

Major Threats to the Chinese White Dolphin Population in Taiwan's Western Coast

Habitat Degradation:

The coastal landscape of Taiwan's western coastline has drastically changed over the past 50 years due to various coastal development projects such as river regulation, seawall construction, land reclamation, and coastal industrial zone development. These activities have led to the coastline advancing 1.5-5 km westward, which has altered the natural coastal environment and reduced coastal productivity, potentially affecting dolphin foraging and social behavior.

Food Source Decrease:

• Fisheries statistics show a decline in fish catch in areas where dolphins are commonly found, which could affect their survival. The food web analysis indicates that 70% of the food required by marine consumers in the area comes from benthic detritus, and energy conversion efficiency is very low due to overfishing. This decreases the availability and quality of food for dolphins, complicating their survival.

• Bycatch:

  • Entanglement in fishing gear is a major cause of whale and dolphin deaths worldwide. Bycatch in Taiwan, particularly in gillnets, is a significant threat to dolphins. The number of dolphins accidentally caught is difficult to track due to fishermen discarding dead dolphins at sea without reporting them.

    Bycatch:

    Entanglement in fishing gear is a major cause of whale and dolphin deaths worldwide. Bycatch in Taiwan, particularly in gillnets, is a significant threat to dolphins. The number of dolphins accidentally caught is difficult to track due to fishermen discarding dead dolphins at sea without reporting them.

    Marine Traffic:

    Large vessels, especially cargo ships and speedboats, reduce the available space for dolphins. Collisions with propellers are a known cause of injuries to dolphins. Dolphins are often observed avoiding fishing vessels, particularly trawlers.

    https://www.oca.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=368&parentpath=0,296,360

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Otter_in_Southwold.jpg

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Formosan_Black_Bear.JPG

The disappearance of the red-bellied colubrid population has a clear timeline correlation with agricultural modernization and the development of social industry and commerce.

https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/UserFiles/011/Endangered-Animals/Overview-of-Endangered-Animals/S-Trimerodytes-Annularis/S-2-1.jpg