https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa en-us 2023-08-10 13:41:22 UTC 2023-09-03 23:56:19 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f47a.png 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659473694 South focus on agriculture
North focus on industry


- Northern people trade southern's cotton with another country
북부 사람들은 남부의 목화를 다른 나라와 무역하였다

- The South produced more than half of the entire world’s supply of cotton
남부는 세계 목화 생산량의 반 정도를 생산하였다




]]> 2023-08-10 14:04:24 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659473694 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659478550 Cotton became a main crop of south

Cotton agriculture was profitable


Caught up in an economic spiral, the planters bought more slaves and land to grow more cotton.
경제적 소용돌이에 휘말린 농장주들은 더 많은 노예와 땅을 사서 더 많은 목화를 재배했다.

agriculture developed into a huge agricultural factory by cotton
목화로 거대한 농업 공장으로 발전

cotton need a lot of nutrients to grow so it need lot of land too - farmers want to expand land
목화는 재배하기 위해 많은 영양분이 필요했기 때문에 농부들은 땅을 더 넓히기를 원했다.


]]> 2023-08-10 14:11:07 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659478550 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659494669 Cotton 

Cotton agriculture and money-hungry people despoiled(devastated) the land easily
목화 농업과 돈에 굶주린 사람들이 땅을 쉽게 황폐하게 만들었다.

Quick profits led excessive cultivation 
 = "land butchery"
빠른 이익은 과도한 경작을 이끔 = "땅 도살"

devastation of land caused a heavy leakage of population to the West and Northwest.
토지의 황폐화는 서부와 북서부로 인구가 크게 유출되는 원인이 되었다.

As the land wore thin, many small farmers sold their holdings to more prosperous neighbors and went north or west.
많은 소농들이 더 부유한 이웃들에게 재산과 땅을 팔았다.

The economic structure of the South became increasingly monopolistic. 
남부의 경제 구조는 점점 독점적으로 되었다.


]]> 2023-08-10 14:31:36 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659494669 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659503483
The temptation to overspeculate in land and slaves caused many planters(including Andrew Jackson in his later years) to plunge in beyond their depth.
토지와 노예에 대한 지나친 투기의 유혹으로 (말년의 앤드루 잭슨을 비롯한) 많은 농장주들이 깊이를 넘어 뛰어들게 되었다.



Cotton likewise led to a dangerous dependence on a one-crop economy, whose price level was at the mercy of world conditions.
목화의 지배는 마찬가지로 가격 수준이 세계 상황에 좌우되는 단 작물 경제에 대한 위험한 의존을 초래했다. 



]]> 2023-08-10 14:43:59 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659503483 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659505290 Southern planters resented watching the North grow fat at their expense.
남부 농장주들은 북부가 자신들의 희생 위에 살찌는 것을 지켜보는 것에 분노했다

The Cotton Kingdom also repelled large-scale European immigration, which added so richly to the manpower and wealth of the North. 
목화 왕국은 또한 북부의 인력과 부를 매우 풍부하게 추가했던 대규모 유럽 이민을 물리쳤다. ]]> 2023-08-10 14:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659505290 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659508235 only about 1/4 of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveowning family.
백인 남부 주민들 중 약 4분의 1만이 노예를 소유했거나 노예를 소유한 가족에 속했다.

The smaller slaveowners did not own a majority of the slaves, but they made up a majority of the masters. 
소규모 노예 소유주들은 노예들의 과반수를 소유하지 못했지만, 그들은 주인들의 대부분을 차지했다. 

These lesser masters were typically small farmers.
이 작은 주인들은 전형적으로 작은 농부들이었다.


]]> 2023-08-10 14:50:26 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659508235 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659513156 Some of the least prosperous nonslaveholding whites were scorned even by slaves as “poor white trash.” 

노예를 가지고 있지 않은 가장 부유하지 않은 백인들 중 일부는 심지어 노예들에 의해 "가난한 백인 쓰레기"라고 경멸을 받았다.]]> 2023-08-10 14:57:21 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659513156 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659514863 upward social mobility.]]> 2023-08-10 14:59:45 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659514863 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659515991 All these whites without slaves had no direct economic stake in the preservation of slavery, yet they were among the stoutest defenders of the slave system. 
노예가 없는 이 모든 백인들은 노예제도의 보존에 직접적인 경제적 이해관계는 없었지만, 노예제도의 가장 강력한 옹호자들 중 하나였다.

They also took fierce pride in their presumed racial superiority, which would be watered down if the slaves were freed. 
그들은 또한 노예들이 해방되면 약화될 자신들의 인종적 우월성에 대해 강한 자부심을 가졌다. 


]]> 2023-08-10 15:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659515991 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659526766 - more or less marooned in the valleys of the Appalachian range that stretched from western Virginia to northern Georgia and Alabama.
백인 남부인들 사이의 특별한 범주에는 서부 버지니아에서 북부 조지아와 앨라배마에 이르는 애팔래치아 산맥의 계곡에 다소 외딴 산악 백인들이 있었다.

- they still lived under spartan frontier conditions
그들은 여전히 스파르타의 변경지역 조건에서 살았다.



]]> 2023-08-10 15:15:24 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659526766 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659538093 In deeper south, many free blacks were mulattoes, usually the emancipated children of a white planter and his black mistress.
더 깊은 남쪽에서, 많은 자유 흑인들은 보통 백인 농장주와 그의 흑인 정부의 해방된 아이들인 "물라토"였다.

deeper south - below ..


Throughout the South were some free blacks who had purchased their freedom with earnings from labor after hours.
남부 전역에는 시간이 지난 후 노동으로부터의 수입으로 자유를 얻은 일부 자유 흑인들이 있었다.

Many free blacks owned property, especially in New Orleans, where a sizable mulatto community prospered.
많은 자유 흑인들은 특히 물라토 공동체가 번성했던 뉴올리언스에 재산을 소유하고 있었다. 

such as William T. John- son even owned slaves.
윌리엄 T. 존슨과 같은 일부 흑인들은 심지어 노예도 소유하고 있었다.



]]> 2023-08-10 15:30:05 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659538093 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659541568 - prohibited from working in certain occupations
특정한 직업에서 일하는 것이 금지
- forbidden from testifying against whites in court
법정에서 백인들을 상대로 하는 증언을 하는 것이 금지

They were always vulnerable to being hijacked back into slavery by unscrupulous slave traders.
그들은 항상 부도덕한 노예 상인들에 의해 다시 노예로 납치되는 것에 취약했다.

Free blacks were also unpopular in the North,, ]]> 2023-08-10 15:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659541568 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659543884 Plantation Slavery
- large property
- landholding dependent on the labor of enslaved people.]]> 2023-08-10 15:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659543884 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659544284 - seized hundreds of slave ships 
수백 척의 노예 선박을 나포
- freed thousands of grateful captives. 
감사하는 포로 수천 명을 석방했다. ]]> 2023-08-10 15:40:44 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659544284 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659546650 Legal importation of African slaves into America ended in 1808
미국으로의 아프리카 노예의 합법적인 수입은 의회가 노예 수입을 금지했던 1808년에 끝났다. 


]]> 2023-08-10 15:44:45 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659546650 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659550079 the suppression of the international slave trade fostered the growth of a vigorous internal slave trade, as upper South states like Virginia became major sources of supply for the booming cotton economy of the Deep South. 
아이러니하게도 국제 노예 무역의 억압은 버지니아와 같은 남부의 upper South state들이 Deep South의 면화 경제 호황의 주요 공급원이 되면서 활발한 내부 노예 무역의 성장을 촉진했다. 



Most of the increase in the slave population in the United States came not from imports, but from natural reproduction
대부분의 노예 인구수는 수입이 아니라 자연 생산으로 증가한것이다.]]> 2023-08-10 15:50:16 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659550079 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659552489 Slavery was profitable for the great planters, though it hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole. The profits from the cotton boom sucked ever more slaves from the upper to the lower South
노예제도는 비록 그 지역 전체의 경제적 발전을 방해했지만, 위대한 농장주들에게 이익이 되었다. 면화 붐으로 인한 이익은 남부의 상류에서 남부로 훨씬 더 많은 노예들을 끌어들였다


- Slave auctions were brutal sights.
노예 경매는 잔인한 광경이었다.


]]> 2023-08-10 15:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659552489 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659560286 Floggings:
- has been used as a form of discipline on slaves.
노예에 대한 훈육의 한 형태로 사용되어 왔다
- were common 채찍은 흔했다
- for the whip was the substitute for the wage-incentive system
채찍은 임금을 인센티브로 주는 제도의 하위 기관
- the most visible symbol of the planter’s mastery.
플랜터의 능숙함을 보여주는 가장 눈에 띄는 상징이었다

Breakers:
- Strong-willed slaves were sometimes sent to breakers
의지가 강한 노예들은 때때로 브레이커들에게 보내졌다
- whose technique consisted mostly in lavish laying on of the lash.
그들의 기술은 주로 과도하게 회초리를 씌우는 것이었다.

= A person who specializes in destroying the wills of unruly slaves
제멋대로인 노예들의 의지를 파괴하는 것을 전문으로 하는 사람.]]> 2023-08-10 16:06:08 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659560286 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659562585 - the region of the southern frontier, into which the explosively growing Cotton Kingdom had burst in a few short decades. 
이곳은 폭발적으로 성장한 면화 왕국이 몇 십 년 만에 터진 남부 변경지역이었다.


]]> 2023-08-10 16:10:07 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659562585 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659564439 - Societies against slavery were born. ]]> 2023-08-10 16:12:21 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659564439 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659566033 On New Year’s Day, 1831, a shattering abolitionist blast came from the bugle of William Lloyd Garrison
1831년 새해 첫날, 스물여섯 살의 온화한 개혁가 윌리엄 로이드 개리슨의 나팔에서 폭발적인 폐지론자 폭발이 일어났다.

Garrison published in Boston the first issue of his militantly antislavery news- paper, The Liberator.
보스턴에서 군사적으로 노예제도를 반대하는 신문인 '해방자'의 첫 번째 호를 발행했다. ]]> 2023-08-10 16:14:48 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659566033 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659566178 2023-08-10 16:15:05 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659566178 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659566249 2023-08-10 16:15:13 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659566249 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659567126 - the southern boundary of Pennsylvania
- the dividing line between slave states south of it and free-soil states north of it


]]> 2023-08-10 16:16:35 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659567126 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659567675 - was founded for this purpose in 1817
- what did it do - sold slaves - transporting blacks bosily back to Africa.
- why send them - find a place west africa-liberia 
  - encourage to move that territory james moroe,,, lower slavery want to send them..
 - also abolitionists

widespread loathing of blacks, some of the earli- est abolitionist efforts focused on transporting blacks bodily back to Africa.
흑인들에 대한 광범위한 혐오 때문에, 초기의 몇몇 노예제 폐지론자들의 노력은 흑인들을 신체를 아프리카로 다시 이송하는데 집중했다]]> 2023-08-10 16:17:26 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659567675 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659567737 2023-08-10 16:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659567737 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659568902 Abolitionist who called for an immediate end to slavery nationwide and believed that violence was the proper way to enact abolition.]]> 2023-08-10 16:19:24 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659568902 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659955045 anti... val...?]]> 2023-08-11 05:00:21 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659955045 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659955809 Cotton Gin - 노예를 줄이기 위해 만들었지만 노예를 더욱 흥행하게 함

- 용도: 목화를 가공


slave = slavery

white supremacy = 백인우월주의]]> 2023-08-11 05:00:59 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659955809 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659956488 white supremacy & chattel slavery]]> 2023-08-11 05:01:40 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659956488 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659959252 deep south - southern most salvery states]]> 2023-08-11 05:04:27 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659959252 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659960794 2023-08-11 05:05:59 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659960794 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659961144 2023-08-11 05:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659961144 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659971547 - she's an abolitionist

]]> 2023-08-11 05:17:55 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659971547 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659972203 2023-08-11 05:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659972203 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659972620 sojourner truth
frederick douglas]]> 2023-08-11 05:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659972620 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659977646 skip 356 & 357

360 ~362 skip

$$the lone star - not skip, need to know it
p.363~364
belated - need to know

365 skip

$$manifest destiny - need to know p. 366 -must not skip- they were moving west to get more land
moving to west - taking more land - believes that destiny 

texas revolution 
misunderstanding mexico - need to know - teacher will give vid to understand
need to know - fighing mexico for peace
                         treaty - know
                         conscience whigs- skip
profit and loss in - skip
wilnot proviso - need to know


pulk perpseful- skip












]]> 2023-08-11 05:24:38 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2659977646 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673640566 아프리카가 흑인 노예를 팔고 흑인 노예들이 raw material을 캠 그리고 그 raw material을 유럽에 팜 유럽은 생산품을 만들고 생산품을 아프리카에 보냄

]]> 2023-08-26 07:22:12 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673640566 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673641213 - African selling other African 
  - GB tried to remove (or prevent) Atlantic Slave Trade

흑인들이 다른 흑인들을 노예로 팔지 못하게 영국이 막음


]]> 2023-08-26 07:24:12 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673641213 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673643997 mixed-blood between white and black slave
백인 주인과 흑인 노예 사이에 나온 혼혈 

프랑스
-양육 취급은 함

미국
-노예는 아니었지만 취급이 좋지는 않았다]]> 2023-08-26 07:35:56 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673643997 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673644270 Sojourner Truth 

Frederic Douglas]]> 2023-08-26 07:37:19 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2673644270 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2682395276 South focus on agriculture
North focus on industry]]> 2023-09-03 16:10:45 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2682395276 23h20114 https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2682402948 Chattel slavery is when a person enslaves another human and categorizes them as possession.

샤텔 노예제는 어떤 사람이 다른 사람을 노예로 만들고 그들을 소유물로 분류하는 것입니다.]]> 2023-09-03 16:26:54 UTC https://padlet.com/23h20114/47tf2d7psyh59swa/wish/2682402948