Chapter4 by Penny WANG

Temperament & Personality

pennywang0417 — 2024-10-22 01:10:47 UTC

Temperament refers to inborn, biologically based behavioral and emotional patterns that are observable in infancy and early childhood; personality is the complex brew that emerges after cultural influence and personal experience are thrown into the mix.

P.101

Alert attention

pennywang0417 — 2024-10-22 01:24:22 UTC

High-reactive children pay what one psychologist calls "alert attention" to people and things. They literally use more eye movements than others to compare choices before making a decision.

P.103

Chapter summary:

ericfenggenius2010 — 2024-10-22 15:00:18 UTC

Chapter 4 gave an thorough analysis of the developmental psychological(in easy words "child psychology") aspects of introversion and extroversion. The header "nature of nurture" stands for the arguments made within the chapter. Whether if a person's extroversion or introversion depends on genetic or inherited factors or the daily life factors. The author provides evidence mainly to support the "nature" side while not denying the "nurture side".

Gene environment interaction

katherinelhu — 2024-10-22 15:24:59 UTC

People who inherit certain traits tend to seek out life experiences that reinforce those characteristics...(eg of low reactives)"climb a few fences, became desensitized, and climb up the roof...temperament impelled him to work this way up...through increasing degrees of danger"

ericfenggenius2010 — 2024-10-22 15:49:17 UTC

this is a lecture on psychology, the core about introversion and extroversion is in 8:35-10:35. you can watch this at home or after class if too time consuming.

Main claim

ericfenggenius2010 — 2024-10-23 14:34:16 UTC

Susan Cain contrasts the core hypothesis of developmental psychology of different personal traits to elaborate on accurate scientific explanations towards the inheritance of personality.

J. Kegans' paper: Temperamental Contributions to Social Behavior(mentioned in p99)

ericfenggenius2010 — 2024-10-23 23:34:18 UTC

J. Kegans evaluates thes the inhibited(non-sociable) and uninhibited(sociable) type of infants. He evaluates the temperamental quality, which refers to the psychological behaviors where infants "display considerable variation among infants and, in addition, have a relatively, but not indefinitely,stable bio- logical basis in the organism's genotype." The significance of these effects can be explained through where infants have not yet experienced any social interactions that alter their psychological behaviors, thus every different behavior is related to their nature. In multiple researchers mentioned in the paper, which proved basic principles such as the relationship with heart rate and temperamental qualities, etc, there suggests a relationship. Some psychologist suggest these temperamental behaviors is a continuous linear or non-linear relations. J. Kegans think that the behaviors relates to("analogous") the biological restrains.

How does environment affect children?

pennywang0417 — 2024-10-24 10:56:04 UTC

There is also a wide range of possible outcomes for each temperament. Low-reactive, extroverted children, if raised by attentive families in safe environments, can grow up to be energetic achievers with big personalities—the Richard Branson and Oprahs of this world. But give those same children negligent caregivers or a bad neighborhood, say some psychologists, and they can turn into bullies, juvenile delinquents, or criminals.

P.110

pennywang0417 — 2024-10-25 01:29:55 UTC