the history of life on earth by Manushree Desai

beginning of the solar system

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 01:27:33 UTC

4.5 BYA: Our solar system formed about from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust.

the origin of the earth

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 01:30:12 UTC

4.6 BYA: Earth formed out of a mixture of dust and gas around the young sun. It grew larger thanks to countless collisions between dust particles, asteroids, and other growing planets, including one last giant impact that threw enough rock, gas, and dust into space to form the moon.

the appearance of cyanobacteria

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 02:44:48 UTC

2.7 BYA: Cyanobacteria played an important role in the evolution of Early Earth and the biosphere. They are responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans since the Great Oxidation Event

the appearance of oxygen in the atmosphere

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 02:48:00 UTC

2.33 BYA: The results suggest that the initial buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere was relatively rapid. Since its first appearance. Oxygen accumulated in high enough concentrations to have a weathering effect on rocks just 10 million years later.

the formation of the ozone layer

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 02:51:28 UTC

600 MYA: The shorter portion of the UV-C band and the more energetic UV above this band causes the formation of the ozone layer, when single oxygen atoms produced by UV photolysis of dioxygen (below 240 nm) react with more dioxygen.

the appearance of the first multicellular organism

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 02:54:24 UTC

600 MYA: The earliest fossils of multicellular organisms include the contested Grypania Spiralis.

first invertebrates

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 02:58:36 UTC

570 MYA: These were soft-bodied organisms that lived in the oceans, such as sponges. Cambrians, for example, were soft-bodied animals with a carapace or shell. There are a lot of key traits in the evolution of invertebrates.

first insects

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:00:53 UTC

480 MYA: A new timeline for insects shows that the creatures first evolved 479 million years ago — earlier than previously suspected — and that their appearance coincided with Earth's first land plants.

first vertebrates

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:02:38 UTC

500 MYA: Vertebrates first appear in the fossil record about 500 million years ago. These first vertebrates looked like small fishes but didn't have the elaborate fins of modern fishes.

first appearance of plants

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:03:44 UTC

500 MYA: New data and analysis show that plant life began colonising land 500 million years ago, during the Cambrian Period, around the same time as the emergence of the first land animals. These studies are also improving our understanding of how the plant family first evolved.

appearance of fungi

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:05:53 UTC

1 BYA: Fungi have ancient origins, with evidence indicating they likely first appeared about one billion years ago, though the fossil record of fungi is a little hazy.

first amphibians

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:07:26 UTC

368 MYA: The earliest amphibian discovered to date is Elginerpeton, found in Late Devonian rocks of Scotland.

first land animals

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:18:18 UTC

440 - 410 MYA: Whatever their origins, animals may have ventured onto land early in the Cambrian. Previously scientists believed that animals did not begin to colonise the land until the Silurian

first reptiles

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:20:10 UTC

320 MYA: The origin of the reptiles lies about 320–310 million years ago, in the swamps of the late Carboniferous period, when the first reptiles evolved.

first dinosaurs

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:53:29 UTC

250 - 200 MYA: The earliest known dinosaurs appeared during the Triassic Period. Dinosaurs evolved into a very diverse group of animals with a vast array of physical features, including modern birds.

first birds

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:54:50 UTC

165–150 MYA: Birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic Period and their classic small, lightweight, feathered, and winged body plan was pieced together gradually over tens of millions of years of evolution rather than in one burst of innovation.

first mammals

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 03:56:34 UTC

225 MYA: Early mammals were inauspicious creatures. The first mammal-like forms appear in the fossil record during the late Triassic period,

first flowering plants

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 04:03:39 UTC

125 MYA: Researchers have found an ancient plant in Liaoning, Archaefructus, that has very small, simple flowers and could be one of the first flowering plants.

snowball earth

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 04:06:16 UTC

710 MYA: Scientists contend that at least two Snowball Earth glaciations occurred during the Cryogenian period.

precambrian period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 04:11:25 UTC

about 4.6 billion years ago to 541 million years ago.

cambrian

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 04:13:03 UTC

541 to 485 million years ago.

ordovician

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 04:14:26 UTC

485 to 443 million years ago.

first humans

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 04:25:51 UTC

1.4 million years ago

cambrian period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:31:26 UTC

541 to 485 million years ago.

ordovician period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:32:59 UTC

485 to 443 million years ago.

silurian period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:34:30 UTC

443 to 419 million years ago.

denovian period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:36:47 UTC

419 - 359

carboniferous period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:37:24 UTC

359 to 299 million years ago.

permian period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:38:34 UTC

299 to 252 million years ago.

triassic period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:39:24 UTC

252 to 201 million years ago.

jurassic period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:40:20 UTC

201 to 145 million years ago.

cretaceous

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:41:09 UTC

145 to 66 million years ago.

neogene period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:43:41 UTC

23 to 2.58 million years ago.

paleogene period

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:44:36 UTC

66 to 23 million years ago.

permian-triassic extinction

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:47:07 UTC

triassic-jurassic extinction

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:48:39 UTC

cretaceous-paleogene extinction

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:50:08 UTC

5 billion years ago

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:51:30 UTC

today

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:51:47 UTC

paleozoic era

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:54:16 UTC

541 to 252 million years ago

mesozoic era

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 19:55:21 UTC

252 - 66 million

cenozoic era

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 20:09:11 UTC

66 million years ago to the present.

archean eon

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 20:09:44 UTC

4.0 to 2.5 billion years ago.

proterozoic eon

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 20:10:42 UTC

2.5 billion to 541 million years ago

phanerozoic eon

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 20:11:31 UTC

541 million years ago to the present.

each segment represents 200 million years

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 20:14:04 UTC

each segment represents 200 million years

desaimanushree2813 — 2023-12-13 20:14:51 UTC