https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6 Health & Disease en-us 2022-01-19 15:31:58 UTC 2025-12-18 02:55:25 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000727198 2022-01-19 15:35:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000727198 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000745611 2022-01-19 15:41:50 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000745611 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000746358 2022-01-19 15:42:05 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000746358 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000762527 2022-01-19 15:47:51 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000762527 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000770209 2022-01-19 15:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000770209 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000775124 2022-01-19 15:52:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000775124 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000776286 2022-01-19 15:53:00 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000776286 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000782115 2022-01-19 15:55:04 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000782115 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000782881 2022-01-19 15:55:20 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000782881 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000785647 2022-01-19 15:56:19 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2000785647 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002946692 The biological effects of synesthesia are found in the connectivity and development of neurons. Axonogenesis is a process that aids in the development and connectivity of the brain. Axonogenesis was one of the biological themes found in the candidates of a study done on synesthesia. Altered brain connectivity is consistent in synesthetes, and is identified through the genes. (Pultarova, 2018). It was found that there were “a core set of six genes” related to axonogenesis, and that these genes are expressed during the development of the auditory and visual cortex of the brain. These genes may play a role in processes developing these regions of the brain (Tilot et. al., 2018). Another study proposed the idea that synesthesia is the result of “an excess of neural connections between associated modalities” (Brang, Ramachandran, 2011).]]> 2022-01-20 14:19:03 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002946692 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002946881 DNA sequencing is used to study the genes of the participating synesthetes and family members. These genes are then compared in an attempt to identify which genes may be responsible for the expression of synesthesia, however the results have been inconclusive as thirty seven possible gene variations were identified (Pultarova, T. (2018, March 5). The conclusion that synesthesia is heterogeneous suggests the inheritance of gene mutations leading to synthesia can come from different points in the chromosome (Asher et. al. 2009).

]]> 2022-01-20 14:19:08 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002946881 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002949278 Synesthesia is a neurological condition that affects 2-4% of the population in which multiple senses are essentially binded (Brang, Ramachandran, 2011). Sounds, letters, numbers, and words can trigger a certain taste, smell, or color in a synesthete. This condition has been studied by researchers, however it has been difficult to identify the foundation of the condition (Pultarova, 2018). Synesthesia does not affect all synesthetes the same as different senses can be binded, and different colors or sounds associated with letters or numbers. While synesthesia is defined as a neurological condition or phenomenon, it does not necessarily impact those it affects in a negative manner.  Many artists are affected by synesthesia, and synesthetes report increased creativity (Brang, Ramachandran, 2011).]]> 2022-01-20 14:20:07 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002949278 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002949517 Research has shown that synesthesia is a familial trait, however patterns of inheritance have been difficult to recognize as the condition can skip generations and affects both men and women (Hubbard, Ramachandran, 2005). In order to further understand synesthesia and patterns of inheritance, studies have focused on families of synesthetes rather than just the synesthetes themselves. These studies have demonstrated that synesthesia is “genetically heterogeneous and unlikely to be explained by a single genetic locus” (Tilot et. al., 2018). There are at least sixty different forms of synesthesia, indicating the condition can be the result of  multiple genetic variations (Brang, Ramachandran, 2011). Studies have indicated that synesthesia is caused by “altered neural connectivity” and that “alterations in white matter that could indicate the existence of increased connectivity in the brains of synesthetes” (Asher et. al., 2009).]]> 2022-01-20 14:20:12 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002949517 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002958786 2022-01-20 14:23:47 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002958786 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002960657 2022-01-20 14:24:28 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002960657 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002981490 2022-01-20 14:32:08 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2002981490 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2005534246

Asher, J. E., Lamb, J. A., Brocklebank, D., Cazier, J.-B., Maestrini, E., Addis, L., Sen, M., Baron-Cohen, S., & Monaco, A. P. (2009, February 5). A whole-genome scan and fine-mapping linkage study of auditory-visual synesthesia reveals evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2q24, 5q33, 6P12, and 12p12. The American Journal of Human Genetics. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929709000196 

Brang, D., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2011, November). Survival of the synesthesia gene: Why do people hear colors and taste words? PLoS biology. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3222625/ 

Hubbard, E. M., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2005, November 2). Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia. Neuron. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627305008354 

Pultarova, T. (2018, March 5). Why can some people 'hear' colors? LiveScience. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://www.livescience.com/61930-synesthesia-hear-colors-genes.html 

Tilot, A. K., Kucera, K. S., Vino, A., Asher, J. E., Baron-Cohen, S., & Fisher, S. E. (2018, March 20). Rare variants in axonogenesis genes connect three families with sound–color synesthesia. PNAS. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://www.pnas.org/content/115/12/3168

]]> 2022-01-21 17:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2005534246 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2005538687 2022-01-21 18:00:53 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2005538687 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2005915586 2022-01-21 23:43:58 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2005915586 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2159023275 2022-04-26 18:01:15 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2159023275 amallon3 https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2159023528 The cause of synesthesia is still unknown, but studies have been able to identify similarities between synesthetes, allowing them to make conclusions about the neurological condition. Axonogenesis and brain connectivity are just some of the biological themes of the condition. DNA sequencing and understanding of the genes related to neural connections will provide more information on the cause, and as our understanding of genetics and the genome increases so will our understanding of synesthesia.]]> 2022-04-26 18:01:25 UTC https://padlet.com/amallon3/45v4ncy3y4s2af6/wish/2159023528