El colacho first started in the year 1620s and has been going on ever since. It is said that some historians believe that the El colacho first started as a fertility ritual. ( El colacho receive concerns from the catholic church) 

The process of the ritual works by placing babies under 1 year old ( usually a few weeks old) on a mattress at the street then men dressing in yellow and red traditional costume referring to devil jumps over the babies, as they hold castanets and horsehair whips.  

The babies will then get sprinkled with rose petals and will  return to their parents. At the end of the celebration young girls and boys will also run around the streets as the devil chase them with whips and castanets. 

They believe that by doing this the devil will prevent the babies from catching diseases and experiencing misfortune. They believe that it will also absorbs the sins of the babies. 

Resources: 
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/europe/spain/el-colacho-baby-jumping-festival-murcia-spain/

https://www.insider.com/photos-el-colacho-400-year-old-spanish-baby-jumping-festival-2019-5#at-the-end-of-the-course-young-boys-and-girls-also-taunt-the-devils-until-they-chase-them-with-the-whips-and-castanets-9

Legend has it that the ritual started when a saint advised people whose babies were dying to build a shrine and drop the infants from the roof, to show that they trust the almighty. When they did this, the babies were miraculously caught by a hammock-like sheet that appeared in midair. 

From then, when people in the region pray for the birth of a healthy baby, they include to promise to toss the baby as an offering to the god who grants their prayers. Villagers believe that the ritual brings long life and good luck to the child, and make sure that it does no harm.

Resources:
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/29/world/what-in-the-world/for-babies-in-india-a-30-foot-plunge-for-good-luck.html

Historically, the tattoos indicate status in a hierarchical society as well as sexual maturity, and ones rank within the society. Nearly everyone in ancient Polynesian society was tattooed. The process of tā moko was highly skilled, and tohunga tā moko (tattoo experts) were greatly respected.Now, it’s used more so as an indicator of one’s identity but is still considered as highly sacred as it was before. 

The process itself differs from modern tattoos. Ta Moko is done traditionally in a manual way, and a comb-like tool is used to prick pigment onto the skin, and a small hammer-like tool is used to hit the comb-like tool (like a hammer and nail). Maori men tattoo their whole face, while women stick to the inner lips, chin and nostrils and is considered to be one of the most interesting forms of beauty in Maori culture.

Resources: 
https://www.expeditionistmag.com/home/8-places-to-find-the-historical-art-of-tattoos-around-the-globe

https://teara.govt.nz/en/ta-moko-maori-tattooing#:~:text=The%20process%20of%20t%C4%81%20moko,fed%20using%20a%20special%20funnel.

Talking about the grave goods, often time, social status also play a key role to decide which goods will be put onto. Higher caste or usually called as ‘pharaoh’ will get more luxury goods than the others. Pharaoh itself is considered as the heads of state and the religious leaders of their people, they’re one of the important people to rule ancient Egypt and to lead the nation into prosperity. Therefore it is shown that the grave goods are depending on your role during your life. Higher roles / wealthy people will get to be buried with luxurious items if they’re able to afford it. 

Not only luxurious items, but mummies are also buried with foods, water, wine, and weapons. Egyptian believes that the journey to the afterlife was long, and so they believed that they need consumption to help them on their travels. Weapons are also the important thing to be buried with the bodies, it is the way they believe weapons are the ones to protect them on the dangerous journey into the afterlife. 

Just like the other funerary practices, there is also the step before they buried the coffin, a burial ritual. After they prepared the mummy, there would be an opening ceremony conducted by a priest who was the king’s successor. The priest would utter a spell and touch the mummy with a ceremonial blade in order to ensure that the mummy is ready to live on the other side, the afterlife. After many steps before burial rituals, the priest is going to move the body to the mortuary temples specifically the temples that were once designed to commemorate every pharaoh and the place where prayers were recited, as well as for use by the king’s cult afterward.

References:

Over hundreds of years  the people of Western Ukraine living in the Carpathian Mountains has kept their matrimonial traditions. The bride will wear a traditional blouse as well as the most significant piece in her outfit which is the headpiece. While the bride is dressing up, close relatives will play music and sing as well. The women their marry young, as young as 16.

The bride and the bridesmaids will ride a horse to the church where the wedding ceremony will be placed. The future husband will wait for her near the church beside a tree which holds many meanings decorated with white and blue ribbons which symbolises happiness and prosperity. Later the tree will be placed outside of the newlyweds house.

The groom will later give the bride gifts and money to persuade her to open her veil. After that guests will be welcomed to a tent made for the ceremony, they will mark the event with food, prayers, and drinks. 

Source: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWA-_f5qNbA&feature=share

The Sioux tribe, also known as the Oceti Sakowin Nation, appreciate those who have died by resting their body on a structure placed on a tree for a whole year, before then being buried in the ground. The platform should be eight feet above the ground, and the person who had passed away would be treated as if they were still alive by surrounding the platform with the person’s belongings, food, and taking care of their clothing. 

The Saulteaux tribe, also known as the Ojibwe Nation, or Chippewa, believe that a person’s spirit exits the body after burial, not when they die. This is why they would prefer the person to be immediately buried to ease the spirit’s path. A social meeting by indigenous communities (pow wow) is held around the dead person’s house the night after the burial. Fire is lit at the head of the grave for four nights. The deceased’s possessions are then handed out to each member of the tribe, who will offer a clothing item in return, and is then followed by honorary meals for the deceased’s relatives. 

The Kiowa and Ponca tribe believe that their Creator birthed life from earth, so the only way to return a person’s life is by burying them in the ground, back where they first started life. With the fear of the spirit coming back because they were not buried in an ethical manner, other tribe members will then burn the dead person’s past possessions and urge the people who used to live with them to move away to a new house in order to avoid being haunted by the dead person’s spirit. The Navajo Nation values a similar belief, but the difference is, their idea of a proper burial is having two naked men covered with ashes to hold a purification ritual on the body. The body is then escorted northway by a horse, and their family would be the one to bury them along with the horse, which is killed to help the spirit move to the afterlife.

The Iroquois, also known as the Haudenosaunee clan, has a social rule specifically to avenge those who have been killed. When a person is killed, the head of the person’s family is given the right to decide whether the killer is to be tortured or adopted into the tribe. In some cases, this happens between different tribes with the hidden purpose of a mourning war whilst planning a raid on another village. This tradition changed into condolence ceremonies to guarantee the peace between tribal chiefs by mourning as a whole clan, not only for the family. The Oneida Nation holds an annual feast every spring and fall to honor the dead.

Resources: