From Trade to Territory: The Story of How this happened by Geeta Bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a Made to understand how the British established colonialism in India en-us 2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC 2023-03-14 21:29:11 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f3f0.png MERCANTILE geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333076 Mercantile means `a business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher price’.
 

]]> 2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333076 CHARTER geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333078 2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333078 REASONS FOR CONFLICT geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333079 Why did EEIC and the Nawab of Bengal have a conflict? ]]> 2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333079 WHAT WAS BEING TRADED? geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333080 Spices: Pepper, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, saffron etc.
AND
Textiles: cotton & silk cloth from India were renowned in the entire world 

The EEIC had to pay in gold or silver coins to Indian traders for these items]]> 2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333080 DISCOVERY OF SEA ROUTE geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333081 Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer discovered the sea route to India in 1498]]> 2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333081 WHO ALL WERE TRADING? geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333082
  • Initially, the Arabs used to trade with India
  • But, the Portuguese drove them out after establishing the sea route
  • Then, for about a 100 years, only the Portuguese and in some areas, few Arab traders too
    • Then came the other Europeans: 
    • British
    • Dutch
    • French
    • Spanish
    ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333082     DID THE EUROPEANS FIGHT WITH EACH OTHER? geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333083 Oh, yes! A lot!
    All of them wanted to trade in the same commodities: Spices & textiles
    • Each of the European trading companies wanted the "sole right to trade with India", so that they could make profits. 
    • They wanted to establish "Monopoly" so that they could earn maximum profits by buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices. \
    WHAT IS MONOPOLY?
    • Monopoly means having exclusive right or control. Each of them wanted to be the ONLY ones trading with India
    ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333083     WERE THESE BATTLES EXCITING?! geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333084 Seems so... they had fierce battles: 
    • They sank each other's ships
    • They blocked each other's routes
    • They prevented rival ships from moving with supplies of goods
    • Trade was carried on with arms & ammunition and they even fortified their Trading Posts (Factories)

    ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333084     WHAT WAS A FACTORY? geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333085 What? 
    • A warehouse for storing goods for trade
    • Offices where the company's officials sat and worked. 
    Where?
    • The first English factory was set up by the English East India Company in 1651 on the banks of the Hugli River in West Bengal. 
    AS TRADE INCREASED, THE BRITISH: 
    • Encouraged Indian Traders and merchants to settle close to the factor
    • Started building a fort around the factory and the settlements
    • Bribed Mughal officials to get zamindari rights over the area

    ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333085     AURANGZEB'S FARMAN geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333086 Farman = Royal Order
    Aurangzeb, the Mughal Emperor, due to a lot of pressure from the Company, issued a Farman that allowed the Company to trade "Duty-free" or "tax-free". 

    ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333086     WHAT IS DUTY FREE TRADE? geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333088 When a company or individual merchants are trading in a particular Kingdom/Empire/Country, they need to pay taxes to the Government. 
    This is because the government facilitates trade and the government likes to have a profit of the trade
    EEIC persuaded Aurangzeb to allow them to trade "duty-free" or "tax-free"
    Aurangzeb agreed. But only the EEIC got this permission. 
    But, they misused it. ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333088     HOW DID EEIC MISUSE AURANGZEB'S FARMAN? geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333089
  • The EEIC misused the farman given by Auranzeb. 
  • When Aurangzeb died, many governors asserted their independence from the Mughal Empire. 
  • One such governor was Murshid Quli Khan. He declared Bengal free from the Mughal Empire and became the Nawab of Bengal. 
  • But, he and his successors ran into a huge conflict with EEIC.

    • Read this comic to understand why. 
    ]]>     2020-09-10 09:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/734333089     Battle of Plassey geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/816586827
  • When Alivardi Khan died in 1756,
  •  Sirajuddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal.
  • Conflict between EEIC and Nawabs of Bengal intensified and resulted in Battle of Plassey. 

    • Link of E book- https://app.bookcreator.com/library/-MJGc26zhuv_fpsbqAd6

    Code-SMMHSNB

    ]]>     2020-10-09 13:13:38 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/816586827     Battle of Buxar geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/859178955
  • After the battle of Plassey Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal.
  • He didn't give desired trade concession to the EEIC.
  • Therefore he was dethrone and Mir Qasim , his son- in- law was made the Nawab.
  •  He also asserted his legal rights as the Nawab and refused to remain a puppet in the hands of the Company. 
  • The Company could not tolerate it and that resulted in its conflict and Battle of Buxar.

    • ]]>     2020-10-25 10:19:17 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/859178955     Diwani Rights geeta_bharadwaj https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/859198304
  • The combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shah Alam-II- the Mughal emperor and Shujadaullah of Awadh got defeated by EEIC under the command of Hector Munro in the battle of Buxar in !764.
  • As a result in 1765,the EEIC got Diwani rights or the right to collect taxes of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam-II.




    • ]]>     2020-10-25 10:35:36 UTC https://padlet.com/geeta_bharadwaj/44lijomts5x6xr1a/wish/859198304