Does the map even have an edge?

What’s the farthest away anything can be?

Around 6^th century first humans started mapping, Babylonian map

 Flat circular views of the earth, as flat

240 BC- midday sun to calculate the circumference of the Earth and got results within 15 percent- GREEK SCHOLAR ERATOSTHENES

EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD MAPS WERE FLAT, CHINA, ARAB WORLD, EUROPE  AND THE EDGES THEY WOULD SAY HERE BE LIONS TO INDICATE UNKNOWN LANDS

Map was finally complete when Antarctica was discovered in 1820s

Edge of the map became the sky

1830s we discovered that stars were vastly farther away than planets

By measuring how different astronomical objects shift relative to their background

Phenomenon called parallax

The edge of our solar system extended to our galaxy now

1900s thought Milky Way was the full universe

If one star is dimmer than another star, is it farther away or just smaller

In early 1900s astronomer Henriette Swan Leavitt realized a class of stars called Cepheid pulsate

Bright and dim every Cepheid that pulsates at the same rate has the same brightness

If 2 Cepheid stars are pulsating at the same rate and ones dimmer than the other that means one is father away

In 1925, Edwin Hubble looked at the brightness of variable stars in smudge called Andromeda, they appeared much dimmer than their pulsing rate predicted, and Hubble realized these stars were too far to be in the Milky Way 2540000 Light Years away

Andromeda was another Galaxy

Using the space Hubble Telescope every spec is its own galaxy, the farthest is more than 13 billion light years away

When we see a galaxy, we see it as it was 400 million years younger, GN-z11, we also don’t see distant galaxies where they currently are

Certain stars like our sun emit light in characteristic patterns, depending on their atomic make up

These absorption spectra are like a luminous finger prints

But if we see that pattern at longer, redder wavelengths than we expect then we know the object is moving away from us. Its light has been stretched by the expanding universe. It is called redshift

In the time light takes to reach us from a distant galaxy, its moved farther away. We get old light photons from the distant galaxy

When we look at a distant galaxy, were looking at it when it was much younger and much closer

Train and email analogy’’

The galaxy GN-z11s light travelled more than 13 billion light years, but that galaxy is 46 light years away from Earth

The further we look at distant objects the faster they are moving away from us

There is some distance way out there beyond which galaxy are receding faster than the speed of light

Because space itself is expanding that fast

The light they give off will always be moving away from us, we can never see that far

That’s the limit to our observable universe 92 billion light years

Beyond that limit we are almost certain there other parts to our universe whose parts we can never see

This means no one really knows how big the actual universe is

One theory says that the universe is shaped in a torus, which means there is no end to our cosmic map. But no beginning or end

Protein is made from twenty-plus basic building blocks called amino acids. 
Because we don’t store amino acids, our bodies make them in two different ways: either from scratch, or by modifying others.
 Nine amino acids—histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine—known as the essential amino acids, must come from food
70 or 80% of your bone is a protein called collagen
The other of 30% of your bone are vitamins and mostly minerals to harden the bone
It is responsible for a lot of your body
Skin elasticity, bone density, nail/ hair growth
Bone broth is the best way to increase collagen