Reviewing the literature will not only help you gain a better understanding of your chosen topic, but is crucial to identify a gap that your research will aim to fill.

1. Introduction to Psychology

2. Subfields of Psychology

   • Social Psychology

   • Developmental Psychology

   • Cognitive Psychology

   • Biological Psychology

   • Abnormal Psychology

   • Personality Psychology

3. Key Principles in Psychological Research

4. Conducting Psychological Research

5. Research Ethics

6. Study Design

7. Data Analysis

8. Resources and Tools

Familiarising yourself to various types of statistical errors is also highly recommended, for which you can consult Statistics Done Wrong by Alex Reinhart.

Common softwares used for data analysis in psychological research include:

• Jamovi

• SPSS

• R Studio

• NVivo (qualitative analysis)

Resources for Jamovi software can be found here:

• Instructional videos

• Tutorial for opening data files

In line with this, individuals should take part in research voluntarily and with adequate information, and informed consent should be documented prior to participation. Participants' confidentiality should be maintained.

Generally, individuals should have equal opportunity to participate in research. Moreover, vulnerable groups, such as children, the institutionalised, or marginalised communities, should be protected from exploitation and from being involved in research just because of easy availability or convenience.

• Observation: Behaviours, actions, or responses are systematically observed and recorded.

• Self-report measures: Participants are asked to provide information about themselves, e.g., through surveys or interviews.

It is important to note that acorrelation between two variables does not suggest a cause-and-effect relationship.

In a true experiment, participants are randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. In a quasi-experiment, a comparison group is present but participants are not randomly assigned to groups.

Some studies investigate the effect of more than one independent variable on a dependent variable. This is known as a factorial design [5 mins].

Decisions about the type of data that is most appropriate to collect for a study typically depends on your research questions and hypotheses, the resources available to you, and ethical considerations.

Reliability is the consistency of a study's results when repeated under the same conditions. In line with this, we should aim to provide sufficient details about study methodology, so that other researchers can determine whether our research findings are replicable.

This website provides an overview of several key forms of validity and reliability.

• REDCap

• Qualtrics

• PsyToolkit

• SurveyMonkey

Psychological researchers often generate hypotheses prior to conducting their research studies, which are then tested by determining whether the results of the study support these predictions.