https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel Immune response steps to a made up protozoan with characteristics similar to malaria, dubbed protozoan-r. en-us 2019-02-28 15:47:08 UTC 2025-11-06 17:17:50 UTC hello@padlet.com sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336469943 The theoretical pathogen (a disease causing microorganism) in this presentation is a protozoan (a parasitic single celled organism) named "protozoan-r", which targets red blood cells much like malaria does and uses these red blood cells to reproduce and spread throughout the body.]]> 2019-02-28 16:02:15 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336469943 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336476395 Due to protozoan-r's infection of red blood cells, in severe cases it can cause a shortage of red blood cells. A shortage of red blood cells makes the transport of oxygen through the body difficult and as such can cause symptoms such as fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath and increased heart rate, as well as headaches and lightheadedness due to the body's over driven attempts to provide itself with oxygen and its inability to do so.]]> 2019-02-28 16:12:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336476395 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336484822 The first line of defense in the human body is its physical and chemical barriers such as skin, stomach acid mucous, tears and saliva. In the case of protozoan-r, the skin would prevent infected blood cells from directly entering the blood stream and stomach acid would kill of infected cells that were ingested. Despite the bodies first line of defenses, protozoan-r can still spread through blood transfusion, organ transplants, reuse of unsterilized needles and vectors such as mosquitoes which act like unsterilized needles that fly around mixing peoples blood.]]> 2019-02-28 16:24:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336484822 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336492075 The second line of defense in the human body would be bodily reactions and immediate/non-specialized immune response. Bodily reactions would include fevers, runny snot, vomiting, which are meant to expel pathogens or create an inhospitable environment for them (such as a fever heating the body to kill off pathogens), these reactions can also be considered symptoms. In the case of protozoan-r, these responses would be limited as parasites cannot be expelled (especially since they are in the blood stream) or killed off easily without harming its host (red blood cells). Another part of the second line of defense would be non-specialized immune responses such as macrophages attempting to destroy pathogens much like they would regularly do to any debris or dead cells.]]> 2019-02-28 16:35:04 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/336492075 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341784704 The third line of defense in the human body would be the body's  adaptive defense, in which it produces specialized defenses to combat specific pathogens. First, macrophages,, would engulf pathogens and display it's antigen (the molecules on the surface of a pathogen that trigger an immune response) to helper t-cells, whose purpose is to alert the rest of the immune system and coordinate it to destroy foreign cells, by alerting b cells and cytotoxic t cells. B-cells work to produce complex antibodies that are specifically effective only against that one type of antigen. These antibodies use their specific structure to bind the antigen they were engineered for making it easier for cytotoxic t cells to destroy them by using proteins to bore holes in their membranes.]]> 2019-03-15 14:47:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341784704 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341795036 Once the pathogens are destroyed, the immune systems first response is for suppressor t cells to suppress the body's immune response. Afterwords Memory b cells, retain the memory of the production antibodies that bind the antigen of the specific pathogen they just combated, and memory t cells retain the memory of the antigen and how to effectively destroy it. These memory cells remain in the blood stream in preparation for the invasion of pathogens with the same antigen in order to respond to it more quickly the next time around. Fro example, in the case of another invasion of the theoretical protozoan-r, provided it was the same strand (meaning it had the same antigen), memory cells would be able to instantly produce their specialized response, which is an extreme advantage as the swift response would allow them to effectively kill off the pathogen faster, even possibly killing it off before it has a chance to multiply, so that it doesn't even have the chance to do a noticeable amount of damage making it seem like the host was never invaded by the pathogen in the first place.]]> 2019-03-15 15:04:55 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341795036 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341795531 Science 30 textbook
Unit A lesson 5 immune response slide
image on vectors:
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/elearn/images/vector-diagram400.jpg
Wikipedia page on immune response system: ]]> 2019-03-15 15:05:49 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341795531 sullyhj https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341806385 An example of how the theoretical protozoan-r could spread through vectors such as mosquitoes]]> 2019-03-15 15:27:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sullyhj/41wukjq3dnel/wish/341806385