In 1066 AD, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (a part of France), invaded and conquered Britain. This resulted in the Normans taking control of all properties and positions in Britain, meaning that all Royal courts, ruler-ship, the church and business were conducted in French. During this time, schools were only for the aristocracy and classes were taught in Latin. Therefore, this created a difference in society, as the upper class spoke French while the lower class spoke Old English. There was one problem; unlike the Danes, the Normans had a completely different culture and language compared to Britain. It was a hassle for the British people to adjust into the French influences. Later in the 14^th century, English became the dominant language in Britain once more, but many French words are still used now, such as analyse, ancestor, castle and double. Due to the French influences, this was known as Middle English.

Middle English lasted till the 1500s, when suddenly the pronunciation changed, such as the vowels being pronounced shorter. In the 16^th century, Britain was trading and communicating with other countries, causing their words and phrases to be entered into English. In the same time period, printing was invented, which allowed more people to write and read books. Seeing this as an opportunity, countless writers invented their own words. For example, William Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers that effected the English language in Britain. Words such as assassination, elbow, gossip and excitement are all invented by Shakespeare.

Stumble: Was- To not walk straight, walk unsteadily. Now- To discover, recommend,

and rate Web pages, photos, and videos on social media.

Troll: Was- To circulate or move around, a fictional creature that usually lives under a bridge. Now- Someone who intentionally plays around with people’s emotions. Usually very annoying.

Steam: Was- A body of water that flows and is smaller than rivers. Now- Constant updates of photos, videos, posts, and other contents on social media. A game company.

"My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :- kds FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc."

This translates to: "My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York, it's a great place." According to her, it was easier for her to write in that form. After this incident, Education experts are concerned about future literacy due to text messaging.

According to researches by Joan Lee, texting is limiting people’s vocabulary. She conducted an experiment by gathering college students and giving them questionnaire asking how often they text. She then presented a mix of made up words and real words to test how accepting they are to unfamiliar words. In the end, people who texts more often accepted less words than people who reads more traditional writings. Why is this the case? Lee says that people who texts tends to reads less. When reading, it exposes different types of languages and expands the reader’s vocabulary, which causes the reader to accept new words more easily. Traditional printings such as books exposure more variety of words while texting does not.

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