2022 Ocean Carbon from Space Workshop: Challenges, Gaps and Opportunities by Javier A. Concha

Challenge 0

JavierAlonsoConcha — 2022-02-01 11:09:04 UTC

There is the influence of photoacclimation and phytoplankton composition in both (bbp and/or Chl) approaches [by Anonymous]

Gap 0

JavierAlonsoConcha — 2022-02-01 11:19:27 UTC

Methods for synergistic use/data fusion of different information (e.g. satellite surface coverage vs. in situ point high depth resolution) are very limited. [by Anonymous]

Opportunity 1

martigalitapias — 2022-02-08 11:44:00 UTC

Merginge data from satellites and in situ platforms to get a 4D view of carbon pools and constrain modelled fluxes

Challenge 1

2022-02-09 15:14:20 UTC

Linking surface satellite measurements to vertical distribution [by Session chairs]

Challenge 2

2022-02-09 15:15:52 UTC

Accurate representation of the spatial and temporal variability of model parameters [by Session chairs]

Challenge 3

2022-02-09 15:17:54 UTC

Uncertainty estimation and trends of primary production estimates [by Session chairs]

Challenge 4

2022-02-09 15:20:15 UTC

Unifying the integration of primary production across interfaces [by Session chairs]

Challenge 1

2022-02-11 19:05:55 UTC

We do not have the full capability to derive phytoplankton carbon from particle backscatter data. We should question if the coupling of chlorophyll-based EO data and bgc models may be better suited to derive phytoplankton carbon (it is closer to what is measured in situ).

Challenge 2

2022-02-11 19:14:50 UTC

We do not currently have standardized methods to derive C-phyto in situ.

Challenge 3

2022-02-11 19:16:10 UTC

We need resolution of bbp vs Chla relationships in subtropical gyres (low biomass issue).

Gap 1

2022-02-11 19:19:26 UTC

In situ data that consists of phytoplankton carbon measurements is lacking; In data is biased towards open ocean Nano and Pico size fractions. So cannot be applied globally.

Gap 2

2022-02-11 19:23:01 UTC

Current scaling factors to derive carbon units (those needed also by modelers) are based only on a few lab experiments and limited set of species, thus lacking spatio-temporal variability for global applications.

Gap 3

2022-02-11 19:25:18 UTC

There is the gap of high resolution observations below surface in the water column on phytoplankton composition or phytoplankton pigments.

Opportunity 1

2022-02-11 19:26:13 UTC

We are missing multi-platform approaches to estimate Cphyto below the surface (essential for PP estimation and C budget closure).

Opportunity 2

2022-02-11 19:30:05 UTC

We should develop additional approaches that utilize other optical properties beyond bbp to derive C-phyto.

Challenge 1

mtzortziou — 2022-02-11 19:37:49 UTC

Strong temporal variability/dynamics in tidal BC ecosystems (at hourly and tidal scales) [by Session chairs]

Challenge 2

mtzortziou — 2022-02-11 19:38:48 UTC

Uncertainty estimation in carbon fluxes [by Session chairs]

Opportunity 1

mtzortziou — 2022-02-11 19:43:27 UTC

Fusion of optical and microwave/SAR data provides a promising approach for characterization of tidal wetland interfaces, including wetland vegetation characteristics, inundation regimes, and their impact on carbon fluxes [by Session chairs]

Challenge 1

2022-02-12 21:02:46 UTC

Accuracy of CDOM retrievals in coastal waters (e.g., in dark water bodies where small uncertainties in reflectance lead to large uncertainties in CDOM retrievals, in turbid waters where there is a strong interference by particles with similar absorption properties)

Challenge 2

2022-02-12 21:04:59 UTC

The decoupling (seasonal, spatial) of CDOM and DOC in coastal waters and open ocean, making the retrieval of DOC from CDOM more challenging

Opportunity 1

2022-02-12 21:06:21 UTC

Recent and upcoming sensors: OLCI, and PACE and GLIMR in future with improved spectral range/resolutions (UV, hyper spectral) and temporal resolutions (GLIMR).

Polarimeter on PACE to improve atmospheric corrections

Gap 2

2022-02-12 21:11:59 UTC

Lack of a quantitative understanding of processes regulating CDOM dynamics relative to that of DOC, and how this may be influenced by environmental change

Gap 1

2022-02-12 21:21:28 UTC

Need for better atmospheric corrections (e.g, better accounting for different aerosols contribution, urban gases) in nearshore/coastal waters to ensure better measurements of reflectance at low wavelengths (<500 nm)

Need for enhanced spectral information relative to multispectral sensors (resolution and range at lower wavelengths)

Gap/Opportunity 2

2022-02-12 21:35:07 UTC

Process-based model of CDOM and DOC cycling in surface waters

Challenge 3

2022-02-12 21:40:53 UTC

Sourcing of CDOM and DOC (terrigenous versus marine ; riverine vs effluent) from remote sensing

Gap 3

2022-02-12 21:44:02 UTC

Can we leverage the spectral absorption and/or fluorescence properties of different types of DOM?

Can we measure the DOM fluorescence effects on reflectance (e.g., fluorescence of effluent)?

Opportunity 3

2022-02-12 21:45:20 UTC

Combination of new measurements on FDOM fluorescence quantum yields in radiative transfer models (Hydrolight) can shed light on the feasibility of doing this.

Hyperspectral reflectance in the UV-visible range (PACE, GLIMR)

Challenge 1

2022-02-13 18:54:57 UTC

Accuracy of PIC retrievals in coastal, shelf sea environments, or where other highly scattering materials are present

Challenge 2

2022-02-13 18:58:06 UTC

Remote sensing of DIC from available satellite products

Gap 1

2022-02-13 18:59:05 UTC

Fully spectral specific inherent optical properties for PIC

Gap 2

2022-02-13 19:00:15 UTC

Limited PIC observations in Pacific, Southern Ocean, coastal regions: need wider geographic spread of field observations

Challenge 3

2022-02-13 19:01:32 UTC

Pixel-by-pixel uncertainty in satellite products

Opportunity 1

2022-02-13 19:02:57 UTC

Top-down approaches for DIC and PIC remote sensing

Challenge 1

2022-02-13 22:17:13 UTC

Optimal estimation of air/sea CO2 flux using best-available data to parameterise the gas transfer velocity (K)

Challenge 2

2022-02-13 22:19:00 UTC

Choice of sea surface temperature product and data processing approach to best-estimate the air/sea CO2 concentration difference

Challenge 3

2022-02-13 22:20:34 UTC

Accurate prediction of climatological seawater pCO2 from in situ observations and satellite data products

Challenge 1

2022-02-14 07:30:45 UTC

Uncertain or unpredictable occurrences of EE in time and place, such as sandstorm, bushfire ash, Typhoon, tsunami, etc.

Challenge 2

2022-02-14 07:44:39 UTC

High frequency and high spatial resolution satellite observation coupled with in-situ underwater measurement of time and place matching

Gap & Opportunity 1

2022-02-14 09:08:34 UTC

Satellite derived air-sea CO2 fluxes based on remote sensing products such as SST, SSS, CHL-a, wind speed-direction for coastal and marginal seas.
Natalia Stamataki

Challenge 4

2022-02-14 09:19:43 UTC

Using coupled physical/BGC/Carbonate ecosystem models combined with Satellite/in situ data to better study the ocean biological pump.

Challenge 4

2022-02-15 08:20:05 UTC

Standardize the NN techniques to infer seawater pCO2 and CO2 fluxes, e.g the input data (which SST, SSS, Chl, wind speed, etc products to use), the type of NN and number of layers.

Opportunity 2

2022-02-16 16:27:54 UTC

Need to partition TPC into POC and PIC - one measurement protocol for all.

Opportunity 3

2022-02-16 16:37:59 UTC

PACE mission can only be your "dreams come true" mission if you help us make it one.
Join our community of practice and help us make it rainbow magical

Opportunity for younglings 4

2022-02-16 16:41:43 UTC

Join us for the PACE training - a week in which we will teach you all the things PACE - in hope to make you a true PACE Ocean Carbon Padawan.. click on the link to learn more

Challenge 3

pradistyna — 2022-02-17 16:10:58 UTC

Direct or indirect earth observation techniques to monitor the dynamics of sediment carbon in blue carbon ecosystems (mangrove, seagrass, salt marsh)

Challenge 4

pradistyna — 2022-02-17 16:14:16 UTC

Cost-effective monitoring using EO techniques to track the progress of rehabilitation-restoration in blue carbon ecosystems

Opportunity 2

2022-02-17 17:58:51 UTC

Hyperspectral observations (PACE, GLIMR, SBG) across spatial scales.

Opportunity 3

2022-02-17 18:06:05 UTC

Multiple images per day from a geostationary platform (GLIMR), to capture tidal dynamics in blue carbon ecosystems, and also monitor blue carbon ecosystems (e.g., seagrass meadows) under optimum conditions

Challenge 3

2022-02-18 13:20:33 UTC

Longtime series and fundamental understanding (e.g. lab experiments, models) is needed to complement satellite observations and understand the full impact of extreme events

Challenge 4

2022-02-18 13:21:36 UTC

Measuring aerosol deposition from space and extend observations over the ocean to cal/val

Challenges (by session co-chairs)

2022-02-18 18:09:12 UTC

1. Inclusion of particles of all sizes
2. Resolved size spectrum
3. Quality control and consistency across datasets
4. Spatiotemporal scale mismatch
5. Optically complex coastal and shelf waters
6. Inter-mission consistency
7. Partitioning POC into biogeochemically important components (phyto, NAP, detritus, heterotrophs)
8. Reconstructing vertical profiles using remote and in-situ sensors
9. Understand the fate of POC and its fractions globally, i.e. POC’s role in the biological pump

Gaps (by session co-chairs)

2022-02-18 18:11:59 UTC

1. Submicrometer particles inefficiently retained by GFF
2. Reliable quantification of largest size fractions
3. Documentation of methods for reliable uncertainty assessment and QC of historical datasets
4. Undersampled conditions
5. Appropriate flagging of POC according to water types
6. Separating POC and non-POC particles.
7. Direct measurement methodsInsufficient knowledge of IOPs (ie VSF) for optics-based POC apportionment
8. Relationship between optical variables (eg from sensors on autonomous platforms) and POC
9. Interannual POC export variability in empirical and mechanistic models
10. Fate of POC in shallow seas
11. Role of horizontal advection

Opportunities (by session co-chairs)

2022-02-18 18:13:34 UTC

1. Develop better methodological standards (eg IOCCG)
2. Combine filtration with optics-based particle counting and sizing
3. Improved documentation of methods in databases (eg SeaBASS): retrospective + new submissions
4. Constraints from BGC-Argo
5. Incorporation of mechanistic principles in algorithms
6. Increased use of geostationary and hyperspectral data + in situ sensors
7. Support basic research on polarization properties of particles
8. Exploit polarization sensors (and combination of bbp/cp in situ)
9. Development of POC algorithms for in situ optical data (eg BGC-Argo)
10. Merging of satellite and BGC-Argo data via statistical or model assimilation methods
11. “Optical sediment traps” on BGC-Argo floats
12. Data-driven estimates of vertical POC fluxes
13. Constraining numerical models using remote and in situ autonomous sensors

Opportunity 2

2022-02-21 14:16:34 UTC

Develop assimilating models further. ECCO-Darwin is excellent, but we can go further in this direction. This approach can help integrate our developing understanding of air-sea fluxes with observations and calculations within the interior.

Opportunity 2

2022-02-21 14:21:53 UTC

Work towards a Digital Twin of the Ocean including Ocean Carbon. An important stepping stone is bringing more Ocean Colour products into the mix.

Community Building

2022-02-21 14:27:51 UTC

Definitely need more events such as this. Need more "flux people", but I expect other topic communities were also under-represented. Good to see a reasonable gender balance. It would also be good to strengthen truly global participation and access. Also, across race, disability and ND.