USO - EJ by Elias Wallman https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp GRAFFITI & STREET ART en-us 2018-09-13 15:34:27 UTC 2025-11-08 14:27:28 UTC hello@padlet.com TOPIC AND QUESTIONS! ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/280905730                                          1970’s         --         Graffiti
Preliminary question: In the 70’s in the US, What roles did graffiti and street are play in the response to the de jure system of segregation?
  1. Is graffiti a valid form of protest?
  2. What is graffiti?
  3. What is street art?
  4. How are they different?
  5. What did graffiti symbolize? 
    1. What groups did that symbol both resonate and conflict with?
    2. How did those groups utilize the symbol of graffiti?
  6. Where was graffiti most present?
  7. What was graffiti’s effect/affect on the greater public?
  8. What was graffiti’s effect/affect on the authorities?
  9. How did the authorities manipulate the output of graffiti?
  10. How did graffiti influence stereotypes of African Americans?
  11. How did graffiti influence stereotypes of ghettos?
  12. What role did graffiti play in the government? (How did graffiti influence the government?)
  13. Is racist graffiti, graffiti?
]]> 2018-09-13 15:44:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/280905730 KEYWORDS ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/280910332 SEGREGATION
Environment
  • youth
  • activism
US/United States/America/United States of America/USA/U.S./U.S.A.
Black/African American
Stereotypes
  • media
Transportation
  • scooter 
  • buses
  • public
  • private
  • train
  • redlining
Infrastructure 
  • bridges
  • roads
  • public work
  • tunnel 
  • roadways 
  • redlining
Recreation
Recreational Activities
Health
  • disability 
  • illness
  • disease
Wellness
Food Access
Education
  • school
  • teacher
  • student
  • university
  • high school
  • higher education
  • public
  • private
  • redlining
Politics
  • Martin Luther King Jr.
  • MLK
  • youth 
  • activism
  • redlining
Laws
  • redlining
Legislation
  • redlining
Housing
  • suburbia
  • ghettos
  • urban
  • inner city/ inner-city
  • redlining
Opposition
Redlining
]]> 2018-09-13 15:51:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/280910332 KEYWORDS --FOR TOPIC-- ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/280918750 Ghettos
stereotypes
government
protest
authorities
graffiti
street art
visual art
culture
urban
inner city
public art
murals
redlining
broken glass
discrimination
politics
racist graffiti

]]> 2018-09-13 16:04:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/280918750 3 ASSUMPTIONS ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281099730 -- --graffiti/street art was used as a form of protest
-- --graffiti/street art was used by authorities to segregate housing
-- --graffiti was accepted by the greater public but not the government]]> 2018-09-14 00:38:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281099730 3 QUESTIONS ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281100068
  • What did graffiti symbolize?
  • How did graffiti/street art influence stereotypes of African Americans and Ghettos?
  • What was graffiti’s effect/affect on the greater public and the authorities/governemnt?
    • ]]>     2018-09-14 00:40:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281100068     A good resource jwolf70_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281356446
    Knorr, Lilian. 2016. "Divided Landscape: The Visual Culture of Urban Segregation." Landscape Journal 35, no. 1: 109-125. Business Source Index, EBSCOhost (accessed September 14, 2018)]]>     2018-09-14 15:08:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281356446     umbrella term: visual culture ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281383354 what is visual culture?]]> 2018-09-14 15:55:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/281383354 Argument ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282317645 Graffiti was both a form of protest and an expression of negative stereotypes associated with ghettos]]> 2018-09-17 13:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282317645 search words (specific ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282636014 graffiti and the ghetto
    reactions to graffiti
    graffiti and the 70's
    graffiti and authorities
    graffiti and ]]>     2018-09-17 23:15:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282636014     THESIS ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282955468 The expression of graffiti was used as both a form of protest and to create negative stereotypes about African Americans and the ghetto which effectively undermined that protest. ]]> 2018-09-18 14:57:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282955468 5 Quotes ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282981808 "When New York Was Graffiti Central". 2018. BBC News. Accessed September 18 2018.
    "Eric Felisbret, author..."
    "He recalls a great sense..."
    "But although Mailer was not alone..."
    "'I remember in 1982 he brought everyone out..."
    "...one of the outgrowths of the graffiti movement..."
    "Graffiti has gone..."]]>     2018-09-18 15:33:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282981808     1 Quote ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282987170 Parks, Michelle. 2009. "Writing On The Walls: Graffiti And Civic Identity". Ruor.Uottawa.Ca. Accessed September 18 2018. 
    "The results show that contrary to public opinion,..."]]>     2018-09-18 15:41:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282987170     1 Quote ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282988874 " American Graffiti: The Social Life Of Segregation Signs: Discovery Service For Cambridge School Of Weston ". 2018. Eds.A.Ebscohost.Com. Accessed September 18 2018. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsgcl.194963498&site=eds-live.
    "critical interest in representations..."
    ]]>     2018-09-18 15:44:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282988874     >5 quotes ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282992286 " URBAN GRAFFITI AS TERRITORIAL MARKERS.: Discovery Service For Cambridge School Of Weston ". 2018. Eds.A.Ebscohost.Com. Accessed September 18 2018. 
    "Graffiti might be regarded, perhaps,..."
    "...today's graffiti are tomorrow's headlines"
    "Graffiti have not traditionally..." 
    UNDER the "New Urban Epidemic"]]>     2018-09-18 15:49:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/282992286     2 Quotes ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283176874 " GRAFFITI: GIVING VOICE TO THE INDIGENOUS.: Discovery Service For Cambridge School Of Weston ". 2018. Eds.A.Ebscohost.Com.
    Accessed September 18 2018.
    http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=85514770&site=eds-live.
     
    "This effusive graffiti..."
    "It is a visible and powerful form of protest..."
    "history books are taken from..."]]>     2018-09-18 21:41:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283176874     ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283609632  "NY Daily News - Banksy’s latest work annoys Bronx residents". 2018. Nydailynews.Com. Accessed September 29 2018.
    http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/banksy-ghetto-4-life-work-offends-article-1.1492198#
    ]]>     2018-09-19 19:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283609632     ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283625611 when graffiti and street art are used interchangeably, graffiti is considered as both vandalism and protest on many accounts. however, when graffiti and street art are distinctly separated, graffiti is seen as solely communication between crews and graffiti artists and street art is seen as an expressive, empowered art form. ]]> 2018-09-19 19:39:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283625611 outer protest vs. inner communication ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283626674 "Visions Of Protest: Graffiti". 2018. Openlearn. Accessed September 19 2018. http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/visions-protest-graffiti/content-section-5#.

    Peter Ferrari, who is known across the US city of Atlanta as the artist PLF, argues that the distinction between street art (or murals) and tags is not clear cut, and sees a paradox in public attitudes towards graffiti: ‘People hate the tags, but they want the murals. […] I think there is a misunderstanding, and people don’t realize that it is all connected and all related. You can’t have the mural without the tag’

    The question of whether a ‘good’ cause can justify the breaking of laws (for example, by spraying illicit graffiti onto public road surfaces) and the potential damage graffiti can cause to public or private property cannot be answered here and is highly dependent on specific circumstances and contexts, and on the techniques used.

    The line between ‘art’ and ‘vandalism’ in interpretations of illicit graffiti can be very thin and very much depends on the background and point of view of the spectator and on the context within which it is displayed.    ]]>     2018-09-19 19:42:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283626674     ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283662710 Authorities and public that think of graffiti as ugly amplify already established negative stereotypes about African American Communities. 
    ^^ body paragraphs 
    ˇˇ conclusion 
    Graffiti artist are then taking that stereotype enhancing it and protesting with it.]]>     2018-09-19 21:52:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283662710     NEW THESIS ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283663979 Graffiti in the 70's was used as a form of protest against segregation and the [ghettoization] of African American Communities. The suburban white public and their authorities responded to that protest by amplifying already established, and new negative stereotypes about African American communities.]]> 2018-09-19 21:59:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283663979 Outline ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283665764 I. Introduction
                                                             ⎝            ⎠
    Thesis: Graffiti in the 70's was used as a form of protest against segregation and the [ghettoization] of African American Communities. The suburban white public and their authorities responded to that protest by amplifying already established, and new negative stereotypes about African American communities.
    1. Body Paragraphs (topic sentence; quotes; data; informational material; analysis)
      1. The word graffiti
        1. TS: Graffiti is defined in many ways and through many lenses; however, each perspective carries a stigma or gives space for artistic expression.
        2. Define graffiti
        3. Differentiate graffiti (black kids in the ghetto signified the neighborhoods decline) and street art (introspective articulation of what's happening around the world or in someone's life around them. Its art. 
      2. The word ghetto
        1. Explain that in the 60’s there was desegregation
        2. And that in ghettos there was immense residue of segregation
        3. Go into articles of the times and describe and define ghetto
        4. Look to quotes in housing segregation pursuit
        5. Which sparked graffiti and formed culture for expression of graffiti artists to voice their silenced perspectives
      3. graffiti and ghetto as culture
        1. Set the scene; protest grows from culture;
        2. why that form of protest: spray paint is inexpensive; marking property; fun to do
        3. goes into why: its defiant; gets reaction and notice where people feel invisible
      4. ghetto and graffiti as protest (from culture)
        1. How its defiant; how it gets reaction and notice; how how how
      5. response to graffiti from authorities and white public (or separate the two)
        1. Graffiti was seen as disruptive and villainized and then criminalized as an act of vandalism. The act of protest of some graffiti was then reappropriated by the opposing force and authorities to reinforce stereotypes.
        2. ” Graffiti took on a dynamic of its own where more aggression and more desire to protest against its stereotypes and the authority fed into the incarceration and criminalization rates of ghettos.
        3.  Graffiti artists at that time had been villainized for their expression of “attitudes, behavioral dispositions, and social processes” rather than look to for individual perspective on their environment (the ghetto) because “direct measurement is difficult”. 
    2. Conclusion
    Big picture. Broadening subject and peaking the reader’s interest. What's happening NOW 

    ]]>     2018-09-19 22:10:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283665764     find definition of ghettoization, or definition of ghetto ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283970843 2018-09-20 15:13:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283970843 ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283984084 1st part: graffiti as protest
    2nd part: response to graffiti]]>     2018-09-20 15:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/283984084     1 quote ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284008522 "NPR Choice Page". 2018. Npr.Org. Accessed September 20 2018. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/04/27/306829915/segregated-from-its-history-how-ghetto-lost-its-meaning.

    Ghetto, in slang usage, has entirely lost the sense of forced segregation — the meaning it held for centuries. In a rapid about-face, it's become an indictment of individual choices.]]>     2018-09-20 16:11:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284008522     Color of Law ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284177587 "We have become embarrassed about saying ghetto, a word that accurately describes a neighborhood where government has not only concentrated a minority but established barriers to its exit."
    "By the 1960's, when few white families were still living in urban public housing, civil rights groups had little remaining reason to challenge the discriminatory assignment of tenants. Instead, their focus shifted to opposing the placement of what had become predominantly African American projects in already-segregated neighborhoods, increasing residents' racial isolation."]]>     2018-09-21 00:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284177587     BODY PARAGRAPH #1 -- word, graffiti -- ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284421663
  • markings, as initials, slogans, or drawings, written, spray-painted, or sketched on a sidewalk, wall of a building or public restroom, or the like: These graffiti are evidence of the neighborhood's decline.
  • The line between ‘art’ and ‘vandalism’ in interpretations of illicit graffiti can be very thin and very much depends on the background and point of view of the spectator and on the context within which it is displayed.
    • ]]>     2018-09-21 15:16:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284421663     #2 -- word, ghetto-- ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284427649
  • Ghetto, in slang usage, has entirely lost the sense of forced segregation — the meaning it held for centuries. In a rapid about-face, it's become an indictment of individual choices.
  • "We have become embarrassed about saying ghetto, a word that accurately describes a neighborhood where government has not only concentrated a minority but established barriers to its exit. 
    • ]]>     2018-09-21 15:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284427649     #4 -- graffiti and ghetto as protest -- ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284427833
  • Eric Felisbret, author and former graffiti artist, says graffiti culture was in a way a product of the civil rights movement.
  • The question of whether a ‘good’ cause can justify the breaking of laws (for example, by spraying illicit graffiti onto public road surfaces) and the potential damage graffiti can cause to public or private property cannot be answered here and is highly dependent on specific circumstances and contexts, and on the techniques used.
  •  It is a visible and powerful form of protest that promotes change and social justice by allowing oppressed groups to express their viewpoints about human rights abuses, past and present.
  • Like many street artists, Haring’s work was inseparable from his activism. He was influenced by the AIDS crisis to create work that sent a message to society about the danger of prejudice.

    • ]]>     2018-09-21 15:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284427833     #5 -- response to graffiti from authorities and the white suburbs ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284428777
  • the authorities hated it, as did many passengers, who felt it symbolized a city that was going to rack and ruin.
  • UNDER THE NEW URBAN EPIDEMIC (STATS AND QUOTES)
  • In September 1979, there were 250 felonies reported per week – all going down in the dark hallways of the subway system.
  • Graffiti have not traditionally been regarded as a social indicator, but rather as a folk symbol in their own right. Consequently, their diagnostic significance has been neglected, and they have been primarily treated in anecdotal and jocular vein in popular magazines. 
  • The question of whether a ‘good’ cause can justify the breaking of laws (for example, by spraying illicit graffiti onto public road surfaces) and the potential damage graffiti can cause to public or private property cannot be answered here and is highly dependent on specific circumstances and contexts, and on the techniques used.

    • ]]>     2018-09-21 15:29:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284428777     #3 -- graffiti and ghetto as culture -- ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284437059
  •  "...one of the outgrowths of the graffiti movement is that people all over the world came to New York seeking NYC culture - and part of that culture they were seeking was the graffiti written on our subways."
  • He recalls a great sense of camaraderie between the young men with their spray cans, as does Gennari, who describes them as a "brotherhood" of the city's anti-establishment youth.
  • The results show that contrary to public opinion, the youth interviewed who participate in graffiti writing in its most artistic form, "piecing", are not focused on vandalism but have carefully considered their relationships with their community and their art.
    • ]]>     2018-09-21 15:46:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/284437059     ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/285106321 "The Definition Of Graffiti". 2018. Www.Dictionary.Com. Accessed September 24 2018. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/graffiti.

    markings, as initials, slogans, or drawings, written, spray-painted, or sketched on a sidewalk, wall of a building or public restroom, or the like: These graffiti are evidence of the neighborhood's decline.
    ]]>     2018-09-24 15:54:09 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/285106321     ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/285291633 "The Evolution Of Street Art". 2017. Invaluable. https://www.invaluable.com/blog/the-evolution-of-street-art/]]> 2018-09-25 00:05:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/285291633 conclusion ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/286599009 Peter Ferrari, who is known across the US city of Atlanta as the artist PLF, argues that the distinction between street art (or murals) and tags is not clear cut, and sees a paradox in public attitudes towards graffiti: ‘People hate the tags, but they want the murals. […] I think there is a misunderstanding, and people don’t realize that it is all connected and all related. You can’t have the mural without the tag’]]> 2018-09-27 15:51:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/286599009 ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/286947006 2018-09-28 13:41:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/286947006 ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/287021132 Graffiti to one perspective is defined as “markings, as initials, slogans, or drawings, written, spray-painted, or sketched on a sidewalk, wall of a building or public restroom…” and resulted in statements like “These graffiti are evidence of the neighborhood's decline.” This perspective leaves no room for artistic, authoritative, introspective, and articulate expressions and actions of graffiti artists from the past to the present. The 1970’s in particular, was a time of social reestablishment and (a word for unbalanced recovery) after segregation “ceased”. Graffiti artists --majority of which were black and lived in ghettos-- were at the forefront in the articulation of what had just happened in previous decades, and the remaining effects of segregation that pursued them. Graffiti artists at that time had been villainized for their expression of “attitudes, behavioral dispositions, and social processes” rather than being looked at for individual perspective on their environment (the ghetto) because “direct measurement is difficult”. ]]> 2018-09-28 15:53:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/287021132 ewallman20211_1 https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/287021531 Effects of desegregation (the government caring enough to desegregate and then think they did enough so there is no support for facilities and general well being of people and buildings in the ghetto. SILENCED. That is where graffiti is BORN.

    ]]>     2018-09-28 15:53:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ewallman20211_1/3ygsj24t26cp/wish/287021531