The process by which living organisms gradually change over generations through variations and natural selection, leading to new species.

The complete disappearance of a species from Earth when its last individual dies.

The preserved remains, traces, or impressions of ancient organisms found in rocks or other materials.

An animal that does not have a backbone or spinal column (e.g., insects, worms, jellyfish).

An earlier form of an organism from which later species have evolved; a predecessor in the evolutionary line.

The collection of all known fossils and their placement in chronological order, showing the history of life on Earth.

A group of similar organisms that can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.

Any living thing, such as a plant, animal, fungus, or microorganism.

A characteristic or feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

A visual representation showing events or stages in chronological order over a period of time.