Importance of punctuation: its importance because the Correct punctuation adds clarity and precision to writing; it allows the writer to stop, pause, or give emphasis to certain parts of the sentence.

punto y coma (;)

dos puntos (:)

punto final (.)

puntos suspensivos (...)

principio de interrogación (¿)

fin de interrogación (?)

principio de admiración (¡)

fin de admiración (!)

paréntesis ( )

diéresis o crema ( ¨ )

comillas (« »; ")

guión (-)

raya (-)

dos rayas ( = )

The comma, the points and parentheses indicate the more or less short pauses, which in reading serve to make known the meaning of the sentences. 

While the interrogation and admiration denote what their names express, and the second, in addition, complaint, emphasis or increase.
 
The umlaut is used in some cases to indicate that u has a sound and in others it can be used to undo a diphthong.

Quotation marks mark citations, or give special meaning to the words they comprise.

The hyphen is an incomplete word sign. 

The line is for dialogue or separation of words, clauses or paragraphs. 

The two lines are only used in the copies to denote the paragraphs that are separate in the original.

Simultaneously, the reader has to take care of the punctuation marks when interpreting a certain text for translation

Punctuation marks are used to give meaning to phrases and sentences, they work to distinguish, delimit, give hierarchy at the syntactic level and help the reader determine which are the main and secondary ideas within a paragraph.

An apostrophe  (`) has two main functions.

1) An apostrophe shows that a letter (or letters) has been omitted from a word in a contraction. Examples

2) An apostrophe is used to make a noun possessive.

The hyphen (-) has two main functions.

1) The most common use of the hyphen is to form compound words, words that are made up of more than one word. Sometimes this occurs when two words are put together to serve as an adjective

2) A hyphen is often used after the prefix of a word. If you’re not sure whether a hyphen is needed, consult a dictionary.

Brackets BRACKET S (US)/SQUARE BRACKETS (UK) […] are used to explain or add information to something in a sentence or quotation.

The question mark (?) shows that a question is being asked, that the speaker or writer is seeking an answer to something.

The full stop or period (.) is the most common punctuation mark in the English language. It has two main functions.

1) It shows the end of a sentence.

2) It indicates an abbreviation. This is more commonly used in American English.

Parentheses (…) show that the material inside the parentheses is less important than the main part of the sentence. Often you can replace them with commas, but parentheses make the material seem less important.

Dash (—) en dash indicates a range of numbers of a period of time. In this sense, it is used with numerals. em dash (twice as long as the en dash) shows a big pause in a sentence or emphasizes the end of a sentence.

The ellipsis (…) a series of three dots, shows that something has been removed from a sentence. It can also show a pause or an unfinished sentence.

The comma (,) joins two or more ideas in a sentence or separates items in a series.

A colon (:) introduces the information that comes after it. It tells the reader that something is coming.

The semicolon (;) connects two complete sentences that are related.

The exclamation mark or exclamation point (!) shows strong emphasis or strong emotion. It is rarely used in formal writing.

I mean, either we score carefully or we could end up in hell. All for a comma.