Takes Place in: Islam (Jerusalem)
Importance: The objective of the first crusade was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islam. While Jerusalem had been under Muslim rule for hundreds of years, by the 11th century the Seljuk takeover of the region threatened local Christian populations, pilgrimages from the West, and the Byzantine Empire itself.
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Takes Place in: Al-Andalus, or the territories of Iberia ruled by Muslims
Importance: 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom in 1492, in which the Christian kingdoms expanded through war and conquered al-Andalus, or the territories of Iberia ruled by Muslims.
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Takes Place in: Spain, and all spanish colonies.
Importance: The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to identify heretics among those who converted from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism. This search was dramaticly intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert to Catholicism or leave Castile, resulting in hundreds of thousands of forced conversions, mass expulsions and even burning at the pyres for repeat offenders.
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Takes Place in: Islam, parts of Egypt and North Africa
Importance: The prophet Muhammad and his followers spread the teachings of Islam throughout the Arabian peninsula. After the death of the prophet, there were military expeditions, called "futuhat," into what is now Egypt and other parts of North Africa. Islam spread through trade and commerce.
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Takes Place in: United Kingdom and France
Importance: It was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, to name their areas of influence and partition the Ottoman Empire.
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Takes Place in: Israel and Pakistan
Importance:  Jewish Agency Chairman David Ben-Gurion proclaims the State of Israel, establishing the first Jewish state in 2,000 years. Ben-Gurion became Israel’s first premier.
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Takes Place in: South Africa
Importance: 1948 marked the beginning of legalized racism called Apartheid. The Cold War  was in its early stages and U.S. President Harry Truman's foremost foreign policy goal was to limit Soviet expansion. Despite supporting a domestic civil rights agenda to further the rights of black people in the United States, the Truman Administration chose not to protest the South African government's system of Apartheid in an effort to maintain an ally against the Soviet Union in southern Africa, which allowed apartheid to flourish.
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Takes Place in: German-occupied Europe
Importance: The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators genocided some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
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Takes Place in: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Importance:  The Bosnian war and genocide resulted in close to 100,000 civilians killed, over 2 million people forcibly displaced, and between 20,000-50,000 women systematically raped. All due to their ethnic and religious identity.
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Takes Place in: Palace of Versailles, Paris, France
Importance: Ended World War One and tied up loose ends and determined territory, immigrants and respirations.
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Takes Place in: Germany
Importance:  Adolf Hitler is appointed as Germany's new chancellor. This would mark the beginning of a series of events leading to the holocaust and extermination of millions of people.
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Takes Place in: Normandy
Importance: D-Day was born in the immediate aftermath of America's entry into the war. From the outset, the Americans pushed for a cross-Channel invasion of north-west Europe as the most direct way to engage German forces.
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Takes Place in: Worldwide
Importance:  The Neolithic Revolution, or the Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible.
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Takes Place in: India, Asia, the Middle east, Latin America
Importance:  The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s that increased agricultural production in parts of the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
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Takes Place in: China
Importance: Song military engineers found gunpowder to be helpful in siege warfare, leading to the development of early types of rockets, cannons, bombs, and mines.
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Takes Place in: Britain, Europe, US
Importance: The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840.
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Takes Place in: Belgium
Importance:  Plastics could protect the natural world from the destructive forces of human need. The creation of new materials also helped free people from the social and economic constraints imposed by the scarcity of natural resources. Inexpensive celluloid made material wealth more widespread and obtainable.
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Takes Place in: North America
Importance:  Explorer Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) is known for his 1492 'discovery' of the New World of the Americas on board his ship Santa Maria. In actual fact, Columbus did not discover North America.
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Takes Place in: Syria
Importance:  The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided civil war in Syria fought between the Syrian Arab Republic led by Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and various domestic and foreign forces that oppose both the Syrian government and each other, in varying combinations.
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Takes Place in: The moon
Importance:  Apollo 11 was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17
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Takes Place in: Marrakesh, Morocco
Importance: The overall objective of the WTO is to help its members use trade as a means to raise living standards, create jobs and improve people's lives. The WTO operates the global system of trade rules and helps developing countries build their trade capacity.
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Takes Place in: created in China
Importance: The printing press allows us to share large amounts of information quickly and in huge numbers. In fact, the printing press is so significant that it has come to be known as one of the most important inventions of our time. It drastically changed the way society evolved.
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Takes Place in: Cambridge, MA
Importance: Facebook is a social media networking site that allows users to connect with friends, family, co-workers, and others, including groups of people who share similar interests. Users can share pictures, videos, articles, and opinions with their friends.
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Takes Place in: US
Importance: Cambridge Analytica had purchased Facebook data on tens of millions of Americans without their knowledge to build a “psychological warfare tool,” which it unleashed on US voters to help elect Donald Trump as president.
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Takes Place in: Central Greece at the mountain pass of Thermopylae.
Importance: While the Battle of Thermopylae was technically a defeat for the Greeks, it was also a victory in the long run because it marked the beginning of several important Greek victories against the Persians and boosted the morale of all the Greek city-states.
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Takes Place in: Somme, river in France.
Importance: The Battle of the Somme was one of the largest battles of World War I, and among the bloodiest in all of human history. A combination of a compact battlefield, destructive modern weaponry and several failures by British military leaders led to the unprecedented slaughter of wave after wave of young men.
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Takes Place in: Nagasaki, Japan
Importance: The bombing of the Japanese city of Nagasaki with the Fat Man plutonium bomb device on August 9, 1945, caused terrible human devastation and helped end World War II.
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