Vertebrate Padlet by https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2 Detailed description of the five classes of vertebrates en-us 2018-05-08 15:43:45 UTC 2023-05-21 16:37:20 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Beartoy.png Overview orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261089849
  • The most successful and abundant of the 2 groups of fishes (96% of all fish; about 27,000 species)
  • Include fish like tuna, cod, flounder, goldfish, and other familiar species
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 04:58:09 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261089849     Body and Structures orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090034
  • Possess a hard, strong, lightweight skeleton made of calcium that supports them and is responsible for their success and diversity within the group
  • Boney fish usually have cycloid or ctenoid scales, which are thin, flexible, and overlapping
    • Cycloid scales have a smooth outer edge
    • Ctenoid scales have a toothed outer edge
  • Scales are made of bone, covered by a thin layer of skin and protective mucus
  • Bony fish are known for their boney gill flap, known as operculum
  • use of a swim bladder allows boney fish to stay neutrally buoyant in the water, while other fish will gulp air to get more buoyant
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 05:00:19 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090034     Groups within class orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090312 Boney fish are subdivided into two major groups
    Lobe finned fishes:
    • are largely extinct, but include lungfishes and coelacanths
    Ray-finned fishes:
    • far more successful than lobe-finned
    • can be further divided into soft-rayed and spiny-rayed bony fish

    Soft-rayed
    - Cod
    - Trout
    - Herring

    Spiny-rayed
    - Bass
    - Grouper
    - Reef fish
    ]]>     2018-05-16 05:03:49 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090312     Reproduction orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090770 Oviparous reproduction
    - External fertilization
    - California Grunion is an example of this

    ]]>     2018-05-16 05:10:02 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090770     External Fertilization orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090828 2018-05-16 05:11:09 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090828 Overview orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090967 Approximately 200 million years ago, another group of air-breathing vertebrates, the mammals, evolved from now-extinct reptiles
    • Phylum Chordata
      • Subphylum: Vertebrata
      • Class: Mammalia
      • Long overshadowed by the dinosaurs until about 65 million years ago
    All mammals share the following characteristics:
    • Warm-blooded (endothermic and homeothermic)
    • Four-chambered heart
    • Fur or hair (not feathers) to retain heat
    • Mammary glands to produce milk for young
    Marine Mammals:
    • all marine mammals arose from land ancestors and have become adapted to a marine existence
    • streamlined body shapes reduce drag
    • limbs have been modified into flippers
    • evolved means of retaining large quantities of oxygen to facilitate long dives
    • concentrated (highly saline) urine
    • protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1985 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972; prohibits the capture, harming and/or killing of any marine mammal
    ]]>     2018-05-16 05:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261090967     Groups within class orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261091506 Pinnipedia are nearly exclusively marine animals
    - Pinnipeds include Seals, Seal lions, Fur Seals, and Walruses

    Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus
    • Pinnipeds ("fin footed") evolved from a terrestrial carnivore
    • predators, feeding mainly on fish and squid
    • streamlined bodies for swimming
    • Thick layer of blubber for insulation, food reserves, buoyancy

    Sea Otters and Polar Bears
    • both are marine mammals belonging to order Carnivora
    • the sea otter is the smallest marine mammal and lacks blubber
    • the sea otter has extremely dense fur, which traps air against the body for insulation
    • otters are found only in the Pacific Ocean, and have the densest fur of all animals
    • otters inhabit nearshore environments and dive to the sea floor to forage on mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms

    ]]>     2018-05-16 05:18:56 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261091506     orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261092211 2018-05-16 05:25:44 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261092211 orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261092263 2018-05-16 05:26:11 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261092263 Overview orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261093149
  • Keratin scales that are waterproof on the skin
  • obtain all of their oxygen through lungs
  • they lay shelled amniotic eggs
  • use behavior to regulate body temperature (ectothermic)

    • ]]>     2018-05-16 05:34:12 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261093149     Examples orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261095282
  • Testudines (turtles)
  • Squamata (lizards and snakes)
  • Crocodilia (alligators and crocodiles)
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 05:36:00 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261095282     Overview orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261095438
  • Evolution to flight dominates Avian characteristics
  • Lack teeth and use a gizzard to grind food
  • Some lack organs (having one ovary)
  • Hollow bones decrease weight
  • Feathers made of keratin
  • Endothermic for increased metabolism
  • Four-chambered heart - efficient blood circulation
  • one way air flow in respiratory track
  • large keel to anchor pectoral muscles
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 05:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261095438     orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261097749 2018-05-16 05:59:07 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261097749 orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261097813 2018-05-16 05:59:39 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261097813 orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261097859 2018-05-16 06:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261097859 Overview orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098004
  • Flexible endoskeletons made of cartilage
  • Well-developed jaws and paired fins
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 06:01:18 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098004     Movement orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098182 Caudal fins:
    • propulsion with undulations of the body
    Dorsal fin
    • stabilizes the organism from rolling
    Pectoral and Pelvic fins
    • used for lift in the water column
    ]]>     2018-05-16 06:02:32 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098182     Shark Sense orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098313
  • Sharp vision but can't distinguish colors
  • Very good Olfaction function (smell)
  • Lateral Line system:
    • allows to sense water vibrations
  • Send and sense electrical fields through pores in the skin

    • ]]>     2018-05-16 06:03:45 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098313     Reproduction orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098463 Three types of gestation:
    • Oviparous: eggs laid outside of mother in thick mucus layer
    • Oviparous: retention of the eggs within the uterus but only the eggs nourishes the embryo
    • Viviparous: placental formation in the uterus

    ]]>     2018-05-16 06:04:53 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098463     Rays orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098711
  • Developed larger pectoral fins
  • Many have a venomous barb on the end of their tail to avoid predation
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 06:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098711     orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098832 2018-05-16 06:07:14 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098832 orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098888 2018-05-16 06:07:35 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/3tjn4etmjng2/wish/261098888