Sleep-Wake Disorders by Brooke Gursky https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw Welcome to the world of sleep-wake disorders. The information is arranged in columns in the order it appears in the DSM-5. Here you will find all of the content for this chapter as well as opportunities to engage in activities that count as your homework (blue content boxes). Don't hesitate to reach out if you have any questions throughout the week! -BG en-us 2022-03-21 15:12:19 UTC 2024-04-01 09:51:35 UTC hello@padlet.com Diagnostic Criteria - DSM-5, p. 362 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2105745940 Difficulty with 1 or more of the following: falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up early with the inability to return to sleep that persists 3x or more per week for longer than 3 months.
- causes clinically significant distress or impairment
- cannot be explained by the effects of a substance or existing medical condition]]> 2022-03-21 16:42:34 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2105745940 Diagnostic Criteria p. 368 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106371643 Hypersomnolence disorder is characterized by self-reported excessive sleepiness although an individuals sleep has spanned at least 7 hours. It must include at least one of the following symptoms:
- recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep within the same day
- a prolonged main sleep episode of more than 9 hours per day that is non-restorative
- difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening


]]> 2022-03-22 00:32:26 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106371643 Diagnostic Criteria - p. 372 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106372198 The diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy can be found on p. 372 in the DSM-5. Rather than explaining the diagnostic criteria myself, I found this video from Harvard Medical School that does a wonderful job of explaining how a diagnosis is made along with a firsthand account from a mother and teenage daughter about going through the diagnostic process. 

Respond to the following prompt: How did Liza's symptoms impact her daily functioning?]]> 2022-03-22 00:32:48 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106372198 Diagnostic Criteria brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106378848 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea (p. 378) includes either (1) or (2): 
1. Evidence by polysomnography of at least 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep and either of the following sleep symptoms:
A. nocturnal breathing disturbances (i.e. snoring, snorting, gasping, or pauses in breathing during sleep)
B. Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient opportunities to sleep
2. Evidence by polysomnography of 15 of more obstructive apneas and/or hypopneas per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms]]> 2022-03-22 00:36:36 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106378848 Diagnostic Criteria brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106379137 Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders - p. 390
  • A persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule required by an individual's physical environment

  •  The sleep disruption leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, or both and causes clinically significant distress or impairment.
]]> 2022-03-22 00:36:44 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106379137 Diagnostic Criteria brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106379464 Simple explanation - people acting out their dreams during the REM phase of sleep

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria:
-Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors that occur during REM sleep (normally 90+ minutes into sleep) and uncommonly occur during daytime naps. 

-Upon awakening, the person is completely awake and not disoriented. Either of the following occurs:
1) REM sleep without polysomnographic recording
2) a history of REM sleep behavior disorder and an established synucleinopathy (Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophies, for examples)

-Disturbances cause clinically significant distress or impairment (to possibly include injuries to self or sleep partner) and are not better explained by the use of a substance or a coexisting mental or medical disorder]]> 2022-03-22 00:36:54 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106379464 Diagnostic Criteria brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106379724 Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorder - p. 399

A. Recurring episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during first third of the major sleep episode that must include either:
  • sleepwalking
  • sleep terrors
B. no or little dream imagery is recalled
C. amnesia for the episodes
D. clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
E. cannot be explained by the effects of a substance
F. cannot be explained by a coexisting mental or medical disorder 
]]> 2022-03-22 00:37:02 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106379724 Diagnostic Criteria - p. 404 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106380136 Diagnostic Criteria:
Repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve threats to survival, security, or physical integrity and that generally occur during the second half of the major sleep episode. When the person awakes, they are typically alert and oriented.

The disturbances in sleep cause clinically significant distress and impairment and are not better explained by:
- the effects of a substance
- another mental health disorder
- another medical condition]]> 2022-03-22 00:37:15 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106380136 Diagnostic Criteria p. 410 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106380398 An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by or in response to uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs that worsens during periods of rest or inactivity, the urge is relieved by movement, and the urge to move the legs is worse in the evening or at night.
  • must occur 3x per week for at least 3 months
  • symptoms create significant distress or impairment
  • not caused by another medical condition or the use of a    substance
]]> 2022-03-22 00:37:25 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106380398 Diagnostic Criteria brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106380652 A. a prominent and severe disturbance in sleep
B. evidence from history, physical exams, or laboratory findings of both
  •      symptoms developed during or soon after substance intoxication or after withdrawal
  •      the involved substance/medication is capable of producing the symptoms
C. the disturbance is not better explained by another sleep disorder
D. the disturbance does not occur only during the course of a delirium
E. the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
]]> 2022-03-22 00:37:35 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2106380652 Watch the video, click "add comment," and reply to the following prompt: How would your life look differently if you suffered from insomnia? brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108172864 2022-03-22 18:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108172864 Differential Diagnoses - p.367 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108237355 Insomnia must be differentiated from the following diagnoses:
- normal sleep variations
- situational/acute insomnia
- delayed sleep phase and shift work types of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
-restless legs syndrome
-breathing-related sleep disorders
-narcolepsy
- parasomnias
- substance/medication-induced sleep disorder, insomnia type]]> 2022-03-22 19:08:34 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108237355 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108237794 The Athens Insomnia Scale is a commonly used 8 question tool to diagnose insomnia. If a patient scores higher than 10 on this instrument, clinicians consider other factors (listed on source link) to rule out differential diagnoses before an insomnia diagnosis is made.

source: https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/sleep-disorders/sleep-disorders---screening-and-assessment

Click here to explore the psychometric information for the Athens Insomnia Scale:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12932801/]]> 2022-03-22 19:08:53 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108237794 Differential Diagnoses brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108238197 Hypersomnolence must be distinguished from:
- normative variation in sleep
- poor sleep quality and fatigue
- breathing-related sleep disorders
- circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
- parasomnias
- other mental disorders


]]> 2022-03-22 19:09:07 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108238197 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108238546 2022-03-22 19:09:22 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108238546 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108239056 The Epworth Sleep Scale is commonly used as a screening tool to evaluate for a diagnosis of Hypersomnolence. 

Follow the links below to explore psychometric data related to this instrument in various population groups:

https://hqlo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12955-019-1098-9

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693185/]]> 2022-03-22 19:09:44 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108239056 Methods of Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108266994 According to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), common methods of treatment for insomnia include: 
- psychoeducation
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- medication

CAMH offers a one stop shop for comparing different medications for sleep-related disorders. Each medication has a drop down list to include dosage information, benefits, potential drawbacks, drug interactions, and side effects. Click on the image link in this post to explore potential medications.]]> 2022-03-22 19:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2108266994 Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110537548 According to the Cleveland Clinic, treatment for Hypersomnolence disorder often includes medication and lifestyle habits that are conducive to restful sleep.

Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21591-hypersomniahttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21591-hypersomnia]]> 2022-03-23 20:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110537548 Tips for better sleep brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110546776 Based on the information provided in this graphic, what are your barriers to following these 10 pointers for more restful sleep? (If you don't feel comfortable sharing your own, share about barriers that may impact a truly restful sleep for a hypothetical student or client.) Reply with a comment.]]> 2022-03-23 20:54:10 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110546776 Differential Diagnosis brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110571031 Narcolepsy must be differentiated from the following: 
- other hypersomnias 
- sleep deprivation and insufficient nocturnal sleep
- major depressive disorder
- sleep apnea syndromes
- conversion disorder 
- ADHD
- seizures
- chorea and movement disorders
- Schizophrenia]]> 2022-03-23 21:17:47 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110571031 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110579030 The following link provides insightful information from Harvard Med regarding the Epworth Sleepiness Scale as a screening tool to evaluate for narcolepsy. It includes a self assessment tool that you are welcome to try to see where your results land. It also provides information about understanding your results.

https://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/narcolepsy/diagnosing-narcolepsy/epworth-sleepiness-scale#]]> 2022-03-23 21:25:24 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110579030 Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110590160 Link: https://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/narcolepsy/treating-narcolepsy/self-care]]> 2022-03-23 21:37:06 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2110590160 Differential Diagnosis brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112417603 Obstructive Sleep-Apnea must be differentiated from the following: 
- primary snoring and other sleep disorders
- Insomnia 
- panic attacks
- ADHD
- substance/medication-induced insomnia or hypersomnia]]> 2022-03-24 18:12:04 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112417603 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112441037 The STOP-BANG instrument is one assessment instrument used to assess for obstructive sleep apnea. The letters stand for: 

  • Snoring: Do you snore loudly (louder than talking or loud enough to be heard through closed doors)?
  • Tired: Do you often feel tired, fatigued, or sleepy during daytime?
  • Observed: Has anyone observed you stop breathing during your sleep?
  • Blood Pressure: Do you have or are you being treated for high blood pressure?
  • BMI: BMI more than 35 kg/m2?
  • Age over 50 years old?
  • Neck circumference greater than 40 cm (around 16in, measured by staff)?
  • Gender male?
Check out the pdf to see the questions on the STOP-BANG assessment as well as scoring information. Click on the following link to explore psychometric information: 

https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2015/07/14/11/04/screeing-tools-for-the-obstructive-sleep-apnea-for-the-cardiovascular-clinician#:~:text=Screening%20Tools%20for%20Sleep%20Apnea&text=There%20are%20four%20screening%20tools,four%20and%20eight%20questions%2C%20respectively.
]]> 2022-03-24 18:25:55 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112441037 Methods of Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112447597 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8718-sleep-apnea

Scroll to the bottom of the link to explore conservative methods, mechanical treatments, and medical procedures that are often used to treat sleep apnea.]]> 2022-03-24 18:29:53 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112447597 Differential Diagnosis brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112480614 This condition must be differentiated from the following:
- depressive disorders
- normative variations in sleep
- other medical conditions or mental disorders
- normative variations in sleep with shift work]]> 2022-03-24 18:51:33 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112480614 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112617727 2022-03-24 20:37:28 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112617727 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112624631 The Epworth Sleep Scale is commonly used as a screening tool to evaluate for a diagnosis of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. 

Follow the links below to explore psychometric data related to this instrument in various population groups:

https://hqlo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12955-019-1098-9

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693185/]]> 2022-03-24 20:43:50 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112624631 Methods of Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112630185 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12115-circadian-rhythm-disorders#:~:text=Medications%3A%20Medications%20such%20as%20melatonin,cycle%20to%20the%20desired%20schedule.]]> 2022-03-24 20:49:22 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112630185 Reply in the comments to the following prompt: Based on the diagnostic criteria and the information you learned in this video, how could sleep walking create clinically significant impairment? brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112653077 2022-03-24 21:12:33 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112653077 Differential Diagnosis p. 409 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112654303 REM Sleep Disorder must be differentiated from the following:

- other parasomnias
- nocturnal seizures
- obstructive sleep apnea
- other specified dissociative disorder
- malingering]]> 2022-03-24 21:13:41 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112654303 Differential Diagnosis brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112960042 Non REM sleep arousal disorder must be differentiated from:
- nightmare disorder
- breathing-related sleep disorders
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- parasomnia overlap syndrome
- sleep-related seizures
- alcohol-induced blackouts
- dissociative amnesia, with dissociative fugue
- malingering or other voluntary behavior occurring during wakefulness
- panic disorder
- medication-induced complex behaviors
- night eating syndrome

]]> 2022-03-25 01:45:10 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112960042 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112975245 The Paris Arousal Sleep Disorder scale has recently (2021) been evaluated as an assessment instrument for this sleep disorder. Click on the link to explore findings published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. ]]> 2022-03-25 01:54:39 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112975245 Methods of Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112980999 The Cleveland Clinic presented multiple treatment options for both adults and children for both REM and NREM sleep disorders here. Follow the link to explore treatment options.]]> 2022-03-25 01:58:32 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2112980999 Differential Diagnosis - p. 406 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2113015924 Nightmare disorder must be differentiated from the following:
- sleep terror disorder
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- bereavement
- narcolepsy
- nocturnal seizures
- breathing-related sleep disorders
- panic disorder
- sleep-related dissociative disorders
- medication or substance use

]]> 2022-03-25 02:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2113015924 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2113036852 See full article including psychometric information here:
https://insomnia.lab.arizona.edu/sites/insomnia.lab.arizona.edu/files/2021-01/Dietch%2C%20Taylor%2C%20Pruiksma%2C%20Wardle-Pinkston%2C%20Slavish%2C%20Mressman%2C%20Estevez%2C%20Ruggero%2C%20%26%20Kelly%202020%20%28Corrected%20Proofs%29.pdf]]> 2022-03-25 02:35:27 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2113036852 Potential Treatment Option brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2113054182 In the comments, reply with a brief description of how you would use this VR technology to alter an image that would normally cause distress to you. 

If you'd rather not share what would cause you distress, share ideas of how I could conquer my fear of someone attacking me while it is dark outside using this VR therapy. This has always been something that terrifies me! I used to run as fast as I could back into my house as a kid if my dad would make me take out the trash at night. Fun fact...I still do this as an adult. (insert laughing emoji)]]> 2022-03-25 02:47:33 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2113054182 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114096597 2022-03-25 16:13:40 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114096597 Methods of Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114105432 Reply in the comments to 1 of the 2 prompts:
Based on what you've learned about REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, describe how this condition could impact your relationship with a sleep partner.

OR

Describe how you would need to alter your own sleep environment if you were diagnosed with this condition.]]> 2022-03-25 16:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114105432 Differential Diagnosis p. 413 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114290124 2022-03-25 18:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114290124 Assessment Instrument brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114311302 link to article: 
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1389945716300831?token=3CC33CCB3B3BF1B5D96A4CBE1257F95FE5F453E802898E769629423A777F048B82632EEF473A3D54D3EA40C8E8E8DF6C&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20220325182705]]> 2022-03-25 18:36:29 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114311302 Methods of Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114321221 - treating iron deficiencies (if applicable)
- medication
- home remedies such as: stretching, massage, exercise, cool or warm packs, taking warm baths

]]> 2022-03-25 18:44:15 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114321221 Differential Diagnosis p. 419 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114356021 This disorder must be distinguished from the following:
- substance intoxication or withdrawal
- delirium
- other sleep disorders
- sleep disorder due to another medical condition]]> 2022-03-25 19:14:47 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114356021 Assessment and Treatment brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114368367 2022-03-25 19:26:49 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2114368367 Central Sleep Apnea - Diagnostic Criteria brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120050712 A. evidence by polysomnography of 5+ central apneas per hour of sleep
B. cannot be better explained by another sleep disorder

Specify whether:
- idiopathic central sleep apnea
- Cheyne-Stokes breathing
- central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use]]> 2022-03-29 19:13:40 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120050712 Differential Diagnosis/Assessment Tool - p. 386 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120063960 Central sleep apnea must be distinguished from other sleeping disorders (especially breathing sleep-related disorders) by the use of polysomnography.]]> 2022-03-29 19:22:21 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120063960 Innovation treatment option for Central Sleep Apnea brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120070348 According to the Mayo Clinic, treatment options for Central Sleep Apnea include:

  • Addressing associated medical problems. Possible causes of central sleep apnea include other disorders and treating those conditions might help your central sleep apnea. For example, therapy for heart failure might improve central sleep apnea.
  • Reduction of opioid medications. If opioid medications are causing your central sleep apnea, your doctor might gradually reduce your dose of those medications.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This method, also used to treat obstructive sleep apnea, involves wearing a mask over your nose or your nose and mouth while asleep.

  • The mask is attached to a small pump that supplies a continuous amount of pressurized air to hold open your upper airway. CPAP may prevent the airway closure that can trigger central sleep apnea.

  • As with obstructive sleep apnea, it's important that you use the device only as directed. If your mask is uncomfortable or the pressure feels too strong, talk with your doctor. Several types of masks are available. Doctors can also adjust the air pressure.

  • Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV). If CPAP doesn't effectively treat your condition, you might be given ASV. Like CPAP, ASV also delivers pressurized air.

  • Unlike CPAP, ASV adjusts the amount of pressure breath-by-breath during inhalation to smooth out your breathing pattern. The device might also automatically deliver a breath if you haven't taken a breath within a certain number of seconds.

  • ASV isn't recommended for people with symptomatic heart failure.

  • Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP). Like ASV, BPAP delivers pressure when you breathe in and a different amount of pressure when you breathe out. Unlike ASV, the amount of pressure during inspiration is fixed rather than variable. BPAP can also be set to deliver a breath if you haven't taken a breath within a certain number of seconds.

  • BPAP could worsen central sleep apnea in people with heart failure. Talk to your doctor about the potential risks of BPAP if you have heart failure.

  • Supplemental oxygen. Using supplemental oxygen while you sleep might help if you have central sleep apnea. Various devices are available to deliver oxygen to your lungs.
  • Medications. Medications such as acetazolamide have been used to stimulate breathing in people with central sleep apnea. These medications might be prescribed to help your breathing as you sleep if you can't tolerate positive airway pressure.
Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/central-sleep-apnea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352114
]]> 2022-03-29 19:26:28 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120070348 Sleep-Related Hypoventilation - p. 387 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120083899 Diagnostic Criteria:
A. polysomnography shows episodes of decreased breathing associated with elevated CO2 levels
B. the disturbance is not better explained by another sleep disorder

Specify whether: (along with severity)
- idiopathic hypoventilation
- congenital central alveolar hypoventilation
- comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation]]> 2022-03-29 19:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120083899 Differential Diagnosis - p. 389 brookegursky10 https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120101227 Sleep-related Hypoventilation must be differentiated from: 

- other medical conditions affecting ventilation (lung diseases, skeletal malformations, neuromuscular disorders)
- other breathing-related sleep disorders]]> 2022-03-29 19:47:46 UTC https://padlet.com/brookegursky10/3t7brf9z9m85qdlw/wish/2120101227