Theoretical Map for final paper by Seth Simolde

Japanese Prisoner of War Camps

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UST Interment camp

American Narratives

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Focuses on the experiences of American internees

Filipino Experience

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Focuses on the Filipino perspective of prison camps

Gender Studies

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Focuses on women's experiences and role within the camps while critiquing their absence from the historical record

Postcolonial and Critical studies

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Offers counter narratives to the often pro-colonial and orientalist narrative

Historical scale (Microhistory)

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Focuses on historical experience or narrative of one person, a group of people, or a certain place

Personal narratives within different camps

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Arthur, Anthony. Deliverance at Los Banos: The Dramatic True Story of Survival and Triumph in a Japanese Internment Camp. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1985.

Halsema, James. James J. Halsema : The Internment Camp at Baguio, 1987.

Hartendorp, A. V. H. 1967. The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. Vol. 1 and 2. Bookmark

Cogan, Frances B. Captured: The Japanese Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941-1945. Athens, Ga: University of Georgia Press, 2000.

Dugan S.J., John J., and Joseph P. Duffy S.J. Life Under the Japs: Stories from a Prisoner-of-War Camp. New England Province History, 2016. https://crossworks.holycross.edu/nenprovhistory/8

Wilkinson, Rupert. Surviving a Japanese Internment Camp: Life and Liberation at Santo Tomas, Manila, in World War II. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2014.

Prisoner Psychology as a response to Ward's Paper

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Irene W. D. Hecht. “An Inmate’s Response to James Mace Ward’s ‘Legitimate Collaboration.’” Pacific Historical Review 81, no. 4 (2012): 602–17. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2012.81.4.602.

Irene Describes four different phases of prisoners reaction as their time in the camp progressed

Four defining characteristics of Prisoner of War Narratives

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Koruda, Emily J. “‘Any One of the Prisoners Would Have Been Willing to Die for His Country’: An Analysis of Prisoners of War Survival Narratives.” Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences, 2010: 64 http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:102312.

These characteristics are evident in all of the personal narratives presented

Empirical Analysis on soldiers survival

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Holderness, Clifford G., and Jeffrey Pontiff. “Hierarchies and the Survival of Prisoners of War During World War II.” Management Science 58, no. 10 (2012): 1873–86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41686887.

Uses data to analyze whether strict military hierarchies are useful for survival within Japanese internment camps

Religious History

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BADILLO, VICTOR L. “American Jesuit Prisoners of War, 1942–1945.” Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints 62, no. 3/4 (2014): 567–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24672325.

Created a comprehensive list on every Jesuit priest imprisoned by the Japanese

Treatment of American Prisoners of War and Necropolitics

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Owens, Marshall Damon. “American POWS in the Philippines during World War II.” University of Wyoming, 1989. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/american-pows-philippines-during-world-war-ii/docview/303743301/

The paper recounts various examples of inhumane treatment and policies such as starvation, beatings, and forced labor by the Japanese Army and government which reaffirms their disregard for the lives of the P.O.W.s

Positive experiences of the Filipino elite

sethsimolde — 2025-05-01 14:08:14 UTC

GOODMAN, GRANT K. “‘As The Days Go By: Throbs of Grateful Hearts’ Reeducation Under the Japanese of Filipino POWs at Camp Del Pilar, Dau, Pampanga, 1942.” Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints 62, no. 2 (2014): 263–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24672297.

Positive experience in a re-education camp by middle to upper-class Filipino officers

Erasure of women's narratives due to patriarchal society

sethsimolde — 2025-05-01 14:11:01 UTC

Archer, Bernice. The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese 1941-1945: A Patchwork of Internment. London: Routledge, 2004. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203325872.

Gender based analysis on lack of representation of women's narratives in prison camps

Perceptions of heroism are based in masculine, individualistic, and violent action rather than cooperative healing action

sethsimolde — 2025-05-01 14:13:39 UTC

Valerie N. Wieskamp. “The Nurses of Bataan: Liberating Wartime Heroes from Melodrama.” Rhetoric and Public Affairs 16, no. 1 (2013): 29–58. https://doi.org/10.14321/rhetpublaffa.16.1.0029.

Gender based analysis on how Nurses of Bataan were depicted as victims rather than heroes

Orientalism in American Narratives

sethsimolde — 2025-05-01 14:15:40 UTC

Murphy, Kevin. “To Sympathize and Exploit”: Filipinos, Americans, and the Bataan Death March.” The Journal of American-East Asian Relations 18, no. 3/4 (2011): 295–319. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23613155.

Points to existing colonialist tension between the Americans and Filipinos and how the Death March was the interplay between a defeated victim, a cruel oppressor, and sympathetic observer presents the idea of a ‘good war’ and reinforces the western and elite perspective of a benevolent Philippine-American Colonial relationship

Collaboration opposide to dominant narratives of rebelious prisoners in UST camp

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Ward, James Mace. “Legitimate Collaboration: The Administration of Santo Tomás Internment Camp and Its Histories, 1942–2003.” Pacific Historical Review 77, no. 2 (2008): 159–201. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2008.77.2.159.

The relationship between the two parties needs to be treated as more dynamic and as a result of the power dynamics between an occupying force and an occupied population that had the capacity to accommodate their requests to create a mutually beneficial relationship