An amphitheatre built in Rome under the Flavian emperors of the Roman Empire.

Who build it?

Construction of the Colosseum began under the Roman emperor Vespasian between 70 and 72 CE. The completed structure was dedicated in 80 CE by Titus, Vespasian’s son and successor. The Colosseum’s 4th story was added by the emperor Domitian in 82 CE.

What happened to Colosseum?

The Colosseum fell into serious disrepair after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Why was it build?

An imperial effort to revitalise Rome after the tumultuous year of the four emperors

Why is it important today?

The Colosseum stands today as a monument to ancient Rome’s architectural and engineering prowess. It is also a major source of tourism revenue for the Italian government.

Where is it located?

Located just east of the Palatine Hill, on the grounds of what was Nero’s Golden House. The artificial lake that was the centrepiece of that palace complex was drained, and the Colosseum was sited there, a decision that was as much symbolic as it was practical.

Because.. Vespasian, whose path to the throne had relatively humble beginnings, chose to replace the tyrannical emperor’s private lake with a public amphitheater that could host tens of thousands of Romans.

Height and Dimensions**: Originally, the Great Pyramid stood at about 146.6 meters (481 feet), but today it is around 138.8 meters (455 feet) due to the loss of the outer casing stones and the topmost stone (pyramidion). Each side of the pyramid's base is about 230.4 meters (756 feet) long.

Casing Stones**: Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered in highly polished Tura limestone casing stones that reflected the sun's light and made the pyramid shine brilliantly. Some of these casing stones can still be seen at the base of the pyramid.

Mysteries of Construction**: Despite extensive research, the exact methods used to construct the Great Pyramid remain a topic of debate and mystery. Theories range from the use of straight or spiral ramps to more complex methods involving counterweights.

• Located in Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq

• Believed to have been built around 600 BCE by King Nebuchadnezzar II

• Notable for its terraced gardens, water cascades, and exotic flora

• Historical accounts suggest it was a marvel of engineering and horticulture- Described as an oasis of greenery and beauty amidst the desert landscape

• Place: Near present-day Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq

• Time Period: Believed to have been built around 600 BCE

• Builder: King Nebuchadnezzar II

• Description:

  -> Terraced gardens with cascading water features

  -> Exotic flora and lush greenery

  -> Considered a marvel of ancient engineering and horticulture

• Historical Significance:

  One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, showcasing human creativity and innovation in ancient times.

• Purpose: 

  Believed by some historians to have been constructed as a symbol of King Nebuchadnezzar II's love for his wife Amytis, who missed the green mountains and valleys of her homeland.

• Construction:

  The gardens were built on a series of terraces, possibly with brick walls to hold the soil in place and prevent erosion.

• Water Supply:

  Ingenious irrigation systems were likely employed to supply water to the gardens, possibly using a combination of manually operated pumps and aqueducts.

• Mystery:

  Despite being extensively described in ancient texts, including writings by Herodotus and Strabo, there is debate among historians and archaeologists about the exact location and existence of the gardens.

• Legacy:

  The Hanging Gardens of Babylon have left a lasting impact on human imagination, inspiring numerous works of art, literature, and even architectural designs throughout history.

Here are some facts about this place:

- Altitude: The site is situated at approximately 2,430 meters (7,970 feet) above sea level.

- Construction: Built in the mid-15th century during the reign of Inca emperor Pachacuti, it showcases sophisticated dry-stone construction with precisely cut stones that fit together without mortar.

- Rediscovery: Machu Picchu was brought to international attention by American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911, although it was known to locals.

- Architecture:

- Intihuatana Stone: Believed to be an astronomical clock or calendar.

- Temple of the Sun: Used for ceremonial purposes.

- Room of the Three Windows: Offers panoramic views and exemplifies Incan stonework.

- Divisions: The site is divided into agricultural terraces and an urban sector, which includes temples, plazas, and residential buildings.

- Water Management: Features an advanced system of aqueducts and terraces to manage water flow and prevent erosion.

- Biodiversity: The surrounding area is rich in unique plant species and wildlife, including spectacled bears and over 400 species of birds.

- UNESCO Status: Designated a World Heritage site in 1983 due to its cultural, historical, and architectural significance.

- Tourism: Recognized as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, Machu Picchu attracts millions of visitors each year.

- Purpose: It is believed to have served as a royal estate or a religious site, reflecting the Inca civilization's advanced engineering and spiritual beliefs.

Noted carvers, the Nabataeans chiseled dwellings, temples, and tombs into the sandstone, which changed color with the shifting sun. In addition, they constructed a water system that allowed for lush gardens and farming. At its height, Petra reportedly had a population of 30,000. The city began to decline, however, as trade routes shifted.

A major earthquake in 363 CE caused more difficulty, and after another tremor hit in 551, Petra was gradually abandoned. Although rediscovered in 1912, it was largely ignored by archaeologists until the late 20th century, and many questions remain about the city.

Facts abaout temple of Artemis

1.Location and Dedication: The Temple of Artemis was located in the ancient city of Ephesus, which is in modern-day Turkey. It was dedicated to the goddess Artemis, the Greek goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and fertility.

2.Construction and Architecture: The temple was renowned for its grand scale and magnificent marble construction. The most famous version of the temple was built around 550 BCE and was designed by the architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes. It featured 127 columns, each 60 feet tall, making it one of the largest temples of the ancient world.

3.Destruction and Legacy: The Temple of Artemis was destroyed and rebuilt multiple times throughout its history. It was first destroyed in a flood around the 7th century BCE, rebuilt, and then famously burned down by Herostratus in 356 BCE in an act of arson. It was again rebuilt, but eventually destroyed by the Goths in 262 CE. Despite its ultimate destruction, the legacy of the temple endures through historical texts and archaeological remnants.

The Colosseum is an elliptical structure measuring approximately 189 meters long, 156 meters wide, and 50 meters high. It has four main levels: the first three with arches and the fourth with a solid wall and small windows.

The Colosseum was primarily used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as animal hunts, mock sea battles, executions, and dramas based on Classical mythology. It featured a retractable awning (velarium) to protect spectators from the sun.

Over the centuries, the Colosseum suffered damage due to natural disasters such as earthquakes and fires. It has been the subject of numerous restoration efforts, especially since the 18th century.

The Colosseum is a symbol of Imperial Rome and an iconic representation of Roman engineering and architecture. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Rome, drawing millions of visitors annually.

In 1980, it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, along with the entire historic center of Rome.

Archaeologists believe that Stonehenge was constructed in several phases from around 3100 BC to 1600 BC, with the circle of large sarsen stones placed between 2600 BC and 2400 BC. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the bluestones were given their current positions between 2400 and 2200 BC, although they may have been at the site as early as 3000 BC.

One of the most famous landmarks in the United Kingdom, Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. It has been a legally protected scheduled monument since 1882, when legislation to protect historic monuments was first successfully introduced in Britain. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986. Stonehenge is owned by the Crown and managed by English Heritage; the surrounding land is owned by the National Trust.

- The statue was commissioned by the Eleans, the people of the city of Elis, where Olympia was located, to honor Zeus.

- Phidias, the sculptor, was also responsible for creating the colossal statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon in Athens.

- The statue of Zeus was a chryselephantine sculpture, meaning it was made of ivory and gold.

- The Temple of Zeus, where the statue was housed, was one of the largest temples in Greece, and the statue itself was the central focus of the temple's interior.

- The statue's face was said to be so lifelike that it inspired awe and reverence in worshippers who visited the temple.

- The statue of Zeus was known for its intricate details, such as the flowing beard and hair, and the drapery of Zeus's clothing.

- Ancient accounts describe the statue as a masterpiece of ancient Greek art and a testament to the skill of Phidias as a sculptor.

- Despite its eventual disappearance, the statue of Zeus continued to inspire later generations of artists and writers, who sought to recreate its grandeur in their own works.