https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v During this presentation you will learn about the benefits of Swarming behavior, and which organisms do this. You will also learn how this behavior actually works. en-us 2018-06-26 14:42:29 UTC 2023-06-19 13:14:10 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/298721767/7cf1967a16c83108a13f188ebc8b6650/swarm2.jpg franklyn_1549395 https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268615014 Swarm behavior as most commonly known occurs with insects. However they are not the only organisms who can do the behavior of swarm.  While flocking, herding, and schooling are different terms. They all have the same concept of the behavior. The difference being the organism. Flocking is referring to birds;while herding is quadrupeds, and schooling fishes. ]]> 2018-06-26 15:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268615014 franklyn_1549395 https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268615996 Swarm behavior is a collective behavior exhibited by organisms of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving  en masse or migrating in some direction. Swarming allows groups of animals to accomplish tasks that they can't do alone, such as defending themselves from a much larger predator.

]]> 2018-06-26 15:09:29 UTC https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268615996 franklyn_1549395 https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268618197 There are both costs and benefits to swarming and all other behaviors," said Christoph Adami, MSU professor of microbiology and molecular genetics. It is a well-"known fact that an individual ant is not very bright and almost blind, but ants in a colony, operating as a team, do remarkable things like effective foraging, optimal brood sorting, or impressive cemetery formation. Many other biological species, such as insects, fish, birds, can present similar intelligent collective behavior although they are composed of simple individuals." Arthur K. Kordon. With that being said some benefits that organisms by themselves don't have are communication. With swarm behavior there is a lot of communication as well as protection. Fishes for example school because, larger predator when they see school. They hesitate in attacking. Also when it comes to schooling swimming close together. Reduces friction and allows fish to conserve energy while swimming. Another benefit with swarm behavior is that is much  easier to find resources. In the case of flocking. Birds fly together because it enables birds to fly further using less energy. Due to the reason that  when the strong leader bird flaps its wings. It creates uplift for the birds behind  each bird except the leader is flying in the up-wash from the wing of the bird in front. This enables the flock to use less energy and reduces fatigue. To sum it all up the benefits of swarm behavior are the following. Better energy use, protection against predators, easier to find resources, and overall intelligence, and survival.

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According to Christoph Adami, MSU professor of microbiology and molecular genetics. "The benefits are discussed all the time. But the litmus test is whether a behavior evolves because of those benefits. If it doesn't evolve, it doesn't mean it's not beneficial, but if it does evolve, it's proof that the behavior has benefits that outweigh its costs. Our model system shows that predator confusion was enough of a selection pressure to evolve swarming behavior in prey." Meaning that it has become an adaptation, due to the exposure of predation. Predation was a strong factor in many environments. Therefore natural selection took place and gave birds, insects, and quadrupeds. The ability to swarm that way they can be better suited for the environment. The behavior also came as confusion to the predator. Making it hard for them to eat the prey; cause their were many. The researchers used a computer model system where the predators and the prey continuously interacted. The system selected prey and predators that evolved survival-enhancing behaviors -- either eating prey (the predators) or avoiding being eaten (the prey). Each experiment was replicated more than 100 times to make sure that the behavior evolved due to predator confusion and not just by chance. Ergo showing that the behavior has adapted to the environment.]]> 2018-06-26 15:42:42 UTC https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268620197 franklyn_1549395 https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268621188

Well according to research conducted in Michigan State University. "In our computational model system, swarming evolved as a defense to exploit the predator confusion effect," said Randal Olson, computer science graduate student and lead author of the paper. "Rather than seeing just one or two prey when the predators attack, which is what happens when prey scatter, swarming makes the predators see many prey, which confuses them and allows more prey to survive." Ergo the reason the behavior works. Is due to the confusion that it gives the predator.]]> 2018-06-26 15:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268621188 franklyn_1549395 https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268621943 I believe the benefits of social behavior as a whole for all living things. Is very crucial and needed for survival. Many different organism use the ability of communication and quantity to protect them from predator. This has benefited them in a profusion ways. This allows for the organisms to receive protection, and necessities. As well as the ability to gain intelligence of the environment. From the groups or swarm they are in. Being a lone wolf in the wilderness is tough. Unless you are on top of the food chain. Then no reason to have social behavior. However for the organism who are not that big and bad. Social behaviors was a good adaptation. That will make many organism thrive.]]> 2018-06-26 16:00:30 UTC https://padlet.com/franklyn_1549395/3sfbfyb5jr7v/wish/268621943