Analysis based on reductionism gives definition of analyzed objected as a sum of its parts without focusing on the actual elements. Analysis characteristics are low-interconnectivity, and lowinterdependency. Analytical process contains of:

1.      Deconstruction

2.      Analysis of separated (isolated) parts

3.      Re-construction

Synthesis is the combination of elements to form a connected whole. Systems thinking is the process of reasoning with „holistic” approach. Each part can be only explained by reference to the whole. It focuses on relations between all elements and its characteristics are high-interconnectivity, and high-interdependency. Synthesis contains:

1.      Identyfying systems

2.     Getting to know how the systems work

3.     Understanding how the parts are interconnected and arranged to function as entirety.

In the publcation called "A Definition of Systems Thinking: A Systems Approach" Ross D. Arnold and Jon P. Wade tried to define proper definition for this pradigm by... applying systems thinking to itself.

1. Function, purpose, or goal. This should describe the purpose of systems thinking in a way that can be clearly understood and relates to everyday life.

2. Elements. These elements will manifest as characteristics of systems thinking.

3. Interconnections. This is the way the elements or characteristics feed into and relate to each other.

"Systems thinking is a set of synergistic analytic skills used to improve the capability of identifying and understanding systems, predicting their behaviors, and devising modifications to them in order to produce desired effects. These skills work together as a system."

1. Recognizing Interconnections

2. Identifying and Understanding Feedback

3. Understanding System Structure

4. Differentiating Types of Stocks, Flows, Variables

5. Identifying and Understanding Non-Linear Relationships

6. Understanding Dynamic Behavior

7. Reducing Complexity by Modeling Systems Conceptually

8. Understanding Systems at Different Scales

It is impossible to explain comlex systems by defining and analysing each element separately e.g. showing how elephant looks by giving only simple explanation on its parts.

he two main types of feedback loops are reinforcing and balancing. What can be confusing is a reinforcing feedback loop is not usually a good thing. A balancing feedback loop, however, is where elements within the system balance things out.

Clear overview on Systems Thinking approach (exact process, principles, benefits and estimated cost) for each step of Project Management was explained together with its pros and cons.