Assignment 6.1: Personal Theoretical Integration Project by Hannah Oplt

Person-Centered Therapy

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Brief Intro to Rogers' view of Person-Centered Therapy

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PsychotherapyNet. (2012). Carl Rogers on Person-Centered Therapy [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0neRQzudzw

Also called Non-Directive Therapy and Client-Centered Therapy

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Common Practices/Interventions

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Active Listening techniques
Reflecting feeling and meaning
Paraphrasing and summarizing
Open-ended questions
Responsive body language

Unconditional Positive Regard

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269 psychotherapists from a wide background of theoretical orientations were questioned about their views on UPR.
Similar: Nearly all expressed they use UPR in some capacity in their work.
Different: The statements they make and actions they take to express UPR.
"PR is a far more widely adopted attitude across multiple theoretical orientations than has generally been assumed."

Ort, D., Moore, C., & Farber, B.A. (2023). Therapists' perspectives on positive regard,

Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 22(2). 139-153.

10.1080/14779757.2022.2104751

A study on adolescent power in person-centered counselor-client relationships

hoplt1 — 2024-04-01 19:12:51 UTC

Power dynamics (and overall lack of power) play a large role in the lives of adolescents.
It's difficult to play to the strength of person-centered client power with adolescents who are not used to this dynamic.
“To assume adolescent clients will express themselves without help to do so can leave them stranded in a disempowered position” (p. 108).
“Participants felt empowered within the relationship by its separation from the rest of their lives” (p. 108).

Cook, D. and Monk, L. (2020). 'Being able to take that mask off': adolescent clients' experiences

of power in person-centered therapy relationships, Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 19(2). 95-111. 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717982

References

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Choi, J.J. (2020). A case study of solution-focused brief family therapy,

American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(2). 195-210.
10.1080/01926187.2019.1691083

Cook, D. and Monk, L. (2020). 'Being able to take that mask off': adolescent clients' experiences

of power in person-centered therapy relationships, Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 19(2). 95-111. 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717982

Gehart, D. (2018). Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case
documentation (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning.

Jones, E.R., Lauricella, D., D'Aniello, C., Smith, M., & Romney, J. (2022). Integrating internal family systems and solutions focused brief therapy to treat survivors of sexual trauma,

Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 44(2). 167-175.
10.1007/s10591-021-09571-z

Neipp, M.C., Beyebach, M., Sanchez‐Prada, A., & Delgado Álvarez, M.C. (2021). Solution‐focused versus problem‐focused questions: Differential effects of miracles, exceptions and scales,

Journal of Family Therapy, 43(4). 728-747.
10.1111/1467-6427.12345

Ort, D., Moore, C., & Farber, B.A. (2023). Therapists' perspectives on positive regard,

Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 22(2). 139-153.

10.1080/14779757.2022.2104751

PsychotherapyNet. (2012). Carl Rogers on Person-Centered Therapy [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0neRQzudzw

Client agency

hoplt1 — 2024-04-01 19:56:53 UTC

Gehart (2018) encourages SFBT counselors to allow clients to set pacing and share stories only when they are ready, specifically for survivors of abuse. Person-centered allows clients to set the tone and allows them to be the experts of their own lives.

General attitude of positivity and encouragement

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Person-centered focuses on UPR. SBFT focuses on complimenting and encouraging progress and communicating optimism and hope. Both therapies share a general attitude of positivity.

Combining Person-Centered and Solution-Focused Brief Therapies in the school setting

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Combining these two therapies will allow me to work with students long-term, knowing that each session will be brief, ranging from five to forty-five minutes. I will communicate my care for students and give them agency to discuss what they are comfortable discussing. They will be able to make progress in resolving their part in family/relational conflict by taking baby steps in the short time we spend together.

Reflection

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Both person-centered and SFBT involve reflecting feeling and meaning. SFBT requires the client to focus on a particular time, context, or relationship (Gehart, 2018).

Solution Focused Brief Therapy

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A simple and time-effective way to help students work through their family and relational conflicts in short school counseling sessions

Not all family members need to be present for progress

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"The therapist turned her focus to the daughter and asked about her perspective on her brother. . . This relationship question assumed that the family as a whole and each member as part of the system influences each other and the whole. This is consistent with the basic worldview of systems theory. This context-sensitive relationship question is used to know each member's point of view when all family members are present."

Not all family members must be present while sessions occur, making it appropriate for a brief school session.

Choi, J.J. (2020). A case study of solution-focused brief family therapy,

American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(2). 195-210.
10.1080/01926187.2019.1691083

Scaling Questions

hoplt1 — 2024-04-01 20:30:44 UTC

“On a scale from 0 to 10, 10 being exactly where you want to be, 0 being the most painful moments of your past, where do you see yourself right now?”
“How would your son, friend, or roommate, rate you on
this scale?”

These questions require the client to consider the growth they have already experienced or would like to eventually experience.

Jones, E.R., Lauricella, D., D'Aniello, C., Smith, M., & Romney, J. (2022). Integrating internal family systems and solutions focused brief therapy to treat survivors of sexual trauma,

Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 44(2). 167-175.
10.1007/s10591-021-09571-z

Comparing problem-based and solution-based questions

hoplt1 — 2024-04-01 20:59:02 UTC

A group of of 264 individuals described their outlooks on chosen personal issues before and after partaking in a therapeutic intervention.
Each individual was assigned one of the following interventions: a problem-focused question, a miracle question, a scaling question, or an exception question.
Individuals who participated in one of the latter three interventions had a greater level of positivity growth than those who answered a problem focused question.

Neipp, M.C., Beyebach, M., Sanchez‐Prada, A., & Delgado Álvarez, M.C. (2021). Solution‐focused versus problem‐focused questions: Differential effects of miracles, exceptions and scales,

Journal of Family Therapy, 43(4). 728-747.
10.1111/1467-6427.12345

Client motivations

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SFBT Goals

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Goals focus on having healthy and positive interactions. They vary between clients. Rather than focusing on reducing behavior (i.e. reduce disrespectful behavior toward parents), goals are positive and action-oriented (i.e. increase positive language in response to parent commands).