Skeleton -> Bones -> Organs -> Bone tissue -> Connective

Inside bones, we store fat. There is also the production of blood cells, in the bone marrow. It also stores minerals.

The bone has layers.

The periosteum. The tougher outer shell of the bone protects everything in it. In the bone, there is a production of red blood cells and vessels. That connects to the circulatory system.

In the bone tissue, there are 3 types of cells. The main type of them is Osteocytes. The osteoclasts break down the osteocytes. Osteoblasts form new bone by producing matrix. Osteoprogenitor become osteoblasts, assisting growth.

MOVEMENT

The movement of the skeletal system is the cartillage, the connective tissue that makes up part of the human joints.

The ligaments, that connects bones and allow a joint to bent. With cushion.

The tendons connect muscle to bone.

Bones are made out of bone tissues.

The bone is made of four main parts. The periosteum is a tough outer shell of the bone. The compact bone is where calcium is stored, and where blood vessels enter the bone. The spongy bone has many spaces within itself that provide flexibility to it.

There is also the bone marrow.

In it, there is the red marrow. It is responsible for the production and destruction of red blood cells platelets and white blood cells. There is also the yellow marrow, which contains fat cells.

It is also connected to the excretory system because it helps regulate blood calcium levels filtered by the kidneys.

The blood marrow is connected to the circulatory system because it has blood vessels and transports oxygen, which are part of the aforementioned system.

It is also connected to the immune system, because bone marrow produces white blood cells, a key component of the immune system.

Organs: Heart -> cardiac muscle tissue

Tissue: Other internal organs -> smooth muscle tissue

Function : movement

MUSCLE: muscular system is located under the skin. Its function is to produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat.

Connection: Actions taken by

Types of muscles are:

Voluntary muscles, which are skeletal muscles.

Types of muscular tissues:

The muscular system is also connected to the muscular system because it controls voluntary and involuntary actions through neurons.

The respiratory system provides the necessary for muscle metabolism and removes carbon dioxide created by muscles.

The muscular system is connected to the endocrine because hormones regulate muscle growth, repair, and metabolism.

The respiratory system oxygenates blood in the lungs, and transports oxygen to muscles and other tissues.

It is also connected to the endocrine system, hormones like adrenaline from the endocrine system can increase breathing rate to supply more oxygen during stress or physical activity.

The nervous system regulates breathing through signals to respiratory muscles. IT also does adjustments in breathing to ensure muscles and the entire body get sufficient oxygen during activities like exercise.

The circulatory system is directly connected to the respiratory as red blood cells carry oxygen in them.

The circulatory system is connected to the immune system because white blood cells are part of the system to fight against pathogens.

Red blood cells are essential for oxygen delivery, that supports the brain function, energy production and homeostasis. Without the circulatory system, the nervous is unable to perform anything.

tissues:

The stomach is composed of epithelial, connective and muscle tissue. Epithelial forms the innermost layer and includes the gastric glands, and protective mucus is secreted. Muscle tissue consists of smooth muscle tissue that helps to mix stomach contents.

the digestive system is connected to the nervous system because the digestive provides glucose, that fuels the nervous system for signal transmission.

It is also connected to the endocrine system, because it interacts with the endocrine glands like the pancreas, to regulate blood sugar through insulin.

The digestive system and urinary work together to manage hydration and remove byproducts of muscle metabolism.

TISSUES:

The kidneys are composed of epithelial tissue, which is responsible for filtering blood and playing a role in absorbing water, and nutrients and secreting waste products. Muscle tissue is present in the walls of blood vessels within the kidneys, which controls blood pressure and flow rates.

Another system that is present in the excretory system is the urinary, which is substances left over after cellular respiration and digestion are transported to the kidneys. The urinary system filters blood and gets rid of waste and excess water, salt, and minerals. Blood-containing waste moves into the kidney through the renal artery. This artery leads into the nephrons. In the nephrons the waste is filtered and any water or nutrients that may still be useful to the body are reabsorbed. The unabsorbed waste is passed into the URETER, a tube that carries URINE (liquid waste) into the bladder, where it is stored until it leaves the body through the URETHRA. The cleaned blood leaves the kidneys through a renal vein and goes back into the body

It is also connected to the respiratory system, since it expels carbon dioxide while the excretory removes other metabolic wastes, like urea and ammonia.

It is also connected to the nervous system, because it monitors fluid and electrolyte levels, signaling the kidneys to adjust filtration rates.

Immune response = Detection + reaction to pathogens

(Keep pathogens from going inside)

Ex: Skin = Physical barrier, stops microorganisms from entering. Stomach = Produces acid to kill microorganisms (chemical barrier)

2nd line of defense:

The second line of defense is the lymphatic system, or white blood cells

Leucocytes is the scientific name for white blood cells. They have a humoral response and a cell mediated response.

1. The humoral response is the lymphocytes detect the pathogen, then the B cells they identify the pathogen

2. T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies and macropitages destroy the viruses marked by antibodies

Cell Mediated response:

Relies on T cells activating other white blood cells that destroy pathogens or cells

All of the other systems because it protects them.

The nervous system uses nerve cells (neurons) and nervous tissue to send signals to the body. There is the central nervous system, which includes the brain and the spinal cord. Also, there is the peripheral nervous system, which includes all nerves branching the CNS.

The nervous system uses nerve cells(neurons to send signals to the body. The nervous system detects changes in the environment (like temperature or danger), processes information and sends commands to muscles or glands to respond. For example, being in a cold environment will make you shiver.

ORGANS:

MAIN ORGANS - BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, NERVES

The neurons are cells that have long extensions called axons and dendrites. The dentride is the beginning, and the axon is what transmits its signal.

HOMEOSTASIS:

It is connected to homeostasis by quickly responding to internal and external changes, like adjusting your heart rate during exercise or making you shiver when cold.

CONNECTION:

The nervous system is connected to the circulatory system because the circulatory brings nutrients and oxygen to the brain.

The nervous system is connected to the muscular system because it sends electrical signals through motor neurons to stimulate muscle contractions.

It is also connected to the skeletal system because the nervous system controls skeletal muscles, and the skeletal systme protects the brain and spinal cord.

the nervous system is connected to the integumentary because sensory receptions in the skin send messages to the nervous system about temperature, pain, pressure etc.

The endocrine system is the system that uses glandular tissue to release hormones. Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.

ORGANS:

TISSUE

The master gland is the Pituitary gland, this one controls all other glands. The thyroid gland: Regulates the metabolism. The adrenal glands: Helps the body to respond to stress. And also, the pancreas, that regulates blood sugar levels. The endocrine system uses glandular tissue (epithelial tissue) to release hormontes. Hormones are produced by endocrine cells, that are specialized to secrete chemicals into the blood.

HOMEOSTASIS:

The endocrine system helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping conditions like blood sugar, water levels and temperature balanced. When blood sugar is high, the pancreas releases insulin to bring it back to normal.

CONNECTION:

Endocrine is connected to the circulatory system because hormones are released into the bloodstream.

The endocrine system is connected to the muscular system because hormones regulate muscle growth, such as testosterone.

It is also connected to the nervous system because it controls the pituitary gland, which regulates hormone production.

The endocrine system is connected to the intergumentary because it regulates skin health and responses, like sweat production and regulation of temperature.

EXTRA:

Hormones are produced by endocrine cells, which are specialized to secrete these chemicals directly into the blood. It is not like the nervous system, and takes a lot more time but does more effect long term. For example,it regulates growth.

The function of the integumentary system is to cover the body. That means hair, fur, nails ,and skin. It protects the inside body from damage, including pathogens.

Organs:

The main organ of the integumentary system is the skin. The three are made out of Keratin, which forms the structure that prevents stress and damage.

The outermost layer is called the epidermis. It doesn't contain any blood vessels, which means a cut in it will not bleed. Below it is the dermis. The dermis contains nerves and blood vessels. IT has two layers, the papillary layer, the upper layer of the dermis is connected to the epidermis and is responsible to provide nourishment to the epidermis. The lower layer is the reticular layer, with mostly nerves and blood vessels. IT contains connective tissue made of elastin, a stretchy protein, and collagen, a tough one. The last layer of the skin is the hypodermis, a flexible layer were both connective tissue and fat are stored.

The integumentary system is connected to the nervous system since it has sensory receptors in the skin to detect pressure, pain, and temperature, signaling to it.

It also is connected to the muscular system because the skin protects muscles from external damage.

It is also connected to the immune system because it acts as the first line of defense against pathogens.

The intergumentary system is connected to the skeletal as the skin produces vitamin D, essencial for calcium absorption, supporting bone health.