b) This makes sure that lower income families would not have to pay as much as the high income families, as those who have more should pay more. GST vouchers is an aid to the lower income families so that their hard earned money will not disappear so quickly because their own government demands for it. They can be compensated as it is unfair for them to have to pay the same amount that high income families do since they do not have that much money they can afford to pay up.

(b) This is able to provide financial assistance to students to further their studies or be more motivated to do well. These awards is also based off merit, it does not place your race or class into account and even helps support lower income recipients. For example, the Edusave Merit Bursary gives recipients families, whose monthly household income does not exceed $6,900, this bursary.

MediFund Silver and MediFund Junior are also carved out from MediFund to provide more targeted assistance for the needy elderly and the young respectively.

As an endowment fund, interest income generated from the capital sum are allocated to approved healthcare institutions , for them to assist with the medical bill payments of needy patients.

(b) the Medifund committee helps to consider and approve applications, and decide on the appropriate quantum of assistance to provide. The actual amount of assistance you receive depends on you and your family members' financial , health and social circumstances, as well as the size of the medical bill incurred. Hence, not everyone can apply for Medifund, which reduces income inequality

Insurance such as MediShield life and CareShield life, which help Singaporeans pay expensive hospital bills. There is a maximum claim of $150 thousand a year and there is a required amount to pay before using MediShield. For example, the day surgery deductible is $1500-$2000.

Medisave, where part of your salary is saved for payment of any surgery, hospitalisation, health screenings, medical insurance that you or immediate family members have.

b) These help reduce income inequality by reducing the cost that low income households must pay for healthcare. As seen, they are also given extra subsidies compared to higher income households. Therefore, they do not become extremely poor and increase the income equality.

Sources: https://www.gov.sg/article/how-government-keeps-healthcare-costs-affordable-in-face-of-rising-global-healthcare-costs

https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/costs-and-financing/11/subsidies_intermediate_long_term_care

https://www.moh.gov.sg/home/our-healthcare-
system/medishield-life/what-is-medishield-life/how-to-make-a-medishield-life-claim

For couples or families who are applicants buying a HDB resale flat, they can apply for the CPF Housing Grants For Resale Flats. 

For couple or families who are second-timer applicants, they can apple for the Step-Up CPF Housing Grant. 

For those who are buying a resale flat to live with or near their parents or children, they can apply for the Proximity Housing Grant. 

(b) these grants helps to reduce income inequality as it provides different types of subsidies to help couples or families afford a home to live in.

Source: https://www.hdb.gov.sg/cs/infoweb/residential/buying-a-flat/flat-and-grant-eligibility/couples-and-families/proximity-housing-grant-families 

b) This helps to reduce income inequality as it provides students from low-income families to pursue their studies in university, allowing students who are not so well of to have the same education opportunities as others. The loan schemes aid the students financially, so they do not have to give up their education due to a lack of income.