Vocab Menu Assignment #7 by John McNeill

Civil Liberties

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Individual rights protected by law from unjust governmental or other interference.

Libel

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A published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.

Slander

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The action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

The Rehabilitation Act

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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies

Exclusionary Rule

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

Establishment Clause

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The clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

8th Amendment

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Protects against imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights.

De Facto Segregation

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That people are segregated into separate areas by fact rather than by law or policy.

Affirmative Action

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The practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to discrimination.

Equal Rights Amendment

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Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.

Civil Rights Act

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Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.

Brandeis Brief

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A case before the US Supreme Court that involved the constitutionality of limiting hours for female laundry workers.

Due Process Clause

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Depriving a citizen of life, liberty or property, the government must follow fair procedures.

Bail

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The temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money be lodged to guarantee their appearance in court.

Indictment

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A formal charge or accusation of a serious crime.

Due Process Rights

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That government actors must follow certain procedures before they may deprive a person of a protected life, liberty, or property interest.

Incorporation Doctrine

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A constitutional doctrine through which parts of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution

Right To Privacy

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To be free from intrusion into or publicity concerning matters of a personal nature.

Euthanasia

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The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. The practice is illegal in most countries.

Civil Rights

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The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

Selective Incorporation

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The choice of the U.S. Supreme Court to apply rights and freedoms to states as outlined in the Bill of Rights.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

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Acts as a writ of inquiry, issued to test the reasons or grounds for restraint and detention.