https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q An overview of the second unit of AP GOV en-us 2023-01-10 13:38:26 UTC 2023-01-29 22:31:19 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f3db.png sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446124752 2023-01-16 23:21:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446124752 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446786424 2023-01-17 12:57:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446786424 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446786694 2023-01-17 12:57:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446786694 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446792305 The US Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. In the senate, each state has two representatives. In the house, the representatives that a state is given depends on the population of the state. The House and Senate have different powers and shared powers, some of these being lawmaking, impeachment, and appointing judges.]]> 2023-01-17 13:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446792305 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446792735 It is harder to get into the senate because there are fewer seats available, so it generally more formal.]]> 2023-01-17 13:03:23 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446792735 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446792977 In the Senate and House, coalitions are formed to get legislation done for a subject. They are formal in the House, and informal in the Senate.]]> 2023-01-17 13:03:36 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446792977 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446793290 Some powers of congress are enumerated in the constitution, but some powers are implied that congress has. For instance, the Necessary and Proper clause gives congress a lot of flexibility in legislation.]]> 2023-01-17 13:03:54 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446793290 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446799309 The chambers of the House and the Senate have different rules and structures. Generally, the House is more formal than the Senate due to the number of representatives. Debate in the House is very limited, in contrast to the almost unlimited debate in the Senate.]]> 2023-01-17 13:09:12 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446799309 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446808471 The House or Senate can draft and propose a bill, vote on it, and then send it to the other. Then, it is sent to the president, where it can get signed or a vetoed. A veto can be overridden by a 2/3 majority in congress. Some dangers to a bill include: Being tabled by the committee, filibustered in senate, missing the vote in house or senate, and being vetoed.]]> 2023-01-17 13:16:40 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446808471 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446814815 Party Leaders and Whips in the House and in the Senate coordinate their parties and speak for where they stand on different issues. ]]> 2023-01-17 13:21:51 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446814815 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446820626 A bill can be held in committee if it doesn't get enough votes to leave it. A bill can be filibustered in the Senate if a senator disagrees with a bill extremely, and wants to block it. This measure is being used more and more often, making it harder for congress to pass laws.]]> 2023-01-17 13:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2446820626 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2455076158 The senate has the power of confirmation for treaties. The president has the power to ratify treaties.]]> 2023-01-24 17:44:11 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2455076158 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2455082820 In congress, representatives will often only agree to bills if projects they want to happen are included in them as well. This wins them votes.]]> 2023-01-24 17:48:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2455082820 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456080687 Gerrymandering is creating election districts that favor one group or party.

In Baker v Carr, a case was filed against the state of Tennessee, stating that they needed to redistrict. The Supreme Court needed to decide whether they have jurisdiction over this subject. In the end, they decided that they could order the state of Tennessee to redistrict.

In Shaw v Reno, a case about racial gerrymandering, a district drawn in North Carolina was brought before courts. The supreme court ruled that the district's bizarre shape suggested that it was intentionally trying to separate voters by race. Although it was made with good intentions, it went beyond what was neccesary.

]]> 2023-01-25 12:43:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456080687 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456088523 The US Government is divided into branches, political parties, and leadership positions. These clashing forces and powers make the government less likely to be corrupt, but they also make decisions harder to make.]]> 2023-01-25 12:50:20 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456088523 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456091168 The president of the United States is one of the most famous people in the world. Their powers can be broken down into two categories:]]> 2023-01-25 12:52:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456091168 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456097133 These powers granted to the president by the constitution include:
- Chief Executive, carrying out laws passed by Congress
- Administrate cabinet departments
- Appoint cabinet members
- Nominate judges and supreme court justices
- Grant pardons
- Head of State, representing the US and visiting foreign nations -- promoting national spirit
- Chief Diplomat, including leading foreign policy, appointing ambassadors, and proposing treaties
- Commander of the military, can order troops into battle, assign generals
- Chief Legislator, recommend and persuade congress members to pass laws, ability to veto laws

]]> 2023-01-25 12:58:27 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456097133 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456104642 - Party leader, helping their political party out and raising money, while awarding faithful members.
- Economic leader, helping the economy prosper (working with congress.)
- Model citizen, inspire the American people
- Managing crisis in the US]]> 2023-01-25 13:04:40 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456104642 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456118369 The president is supported by their political party, and can appoint a cabinet to support them.]]> 2023-01-25 13:17:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456118369 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456161603 The 22nd amendment states that the president cannot serve more than two terms, and that a person who becomes president for at least 2 years cannot be president more than once again.

The 25th amendment states that if there is a vacancy for vice president, the president can appoint a new vice president, with confirmation from congress.]]> 2023-01-25 13:51:50 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456161603 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456990889 The 70th federalist paper argues that for a country to be successful, they must have a power executive leader, that can make good and strong government action. It argues that allowing the president to possess the entire executive branch is a good thing for the US.]]> 2023-01-26 01:48:19 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456990889 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456994960 The Bureaucracy is a part of the executive branch consisting of agencies, departments, and bureaus. Types of bureaucratic agencies include:

- Regulatory agencies that make sure companies, the police, and the government are following rules.

- Independent agencies are all of the other government agencies. This includes NASA and the General Services Administration.]]> 2023-01-26 01:53:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2456994960 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2457619507 In the law making system, the bureaucracy has to interact with congress and focus groups. These interacts form an iron triangle of legislation.]]> 2023-01-26 13:51:19 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2457619507 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2457623337 Some key bureaucratic agencies include:
- Department of Homeland Security
- Department of Commerce
- Department of the Treasury
- Department of the Interior
- Department of Transportation]]> 2023-01-26 13:54:03 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2457623337 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2457833885 Congress has oversight/power over the bureaucracy with the "power of the purse." This power is that congress controls the funding for bureaucratic agencies, which means they can defund them. They also can conduct committee hearings.]]> 2023-01-26 16:07:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2457833885 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458890848 At the top of the judicial branch is SCOTUS.

In the middle are the 12 circuit courts of appeals, these are concerned with regional cases. These cases deal with civil and criminal suits, but focus on constitutionality.

At the bottom of the judicial system are 94 district courts, which deal with small cases. 6 to 12 jurors make a unanimous decision to settle criminal and civil cases.]]> 2023-01-27 12:35:32 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458890848 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458898168 In Federalist 78, Hamilton argues that the Supreme Court should be responsible for making sure that Congress is abiding by the constitution using judicial review. The Supreme Court has to protect citizen's rights, and state that policies are unconstitutional. However, they have no power to enforce their rulings.]]> 2023-01-27 12:44:08 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458898168 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458914482 When Marbury was appointed as Justice of the Piece in the District of Columbia, he did not get his commission delivered. When he asked the supreme court to make Madison deliver his commission, they were able to rule that Madison's refusal to deliver the commission was unconstitutional, but they also found they did not have the power to order Madison to deliver the commission.]]> 2023-01-27 13:01:40 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458914482 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458955236 John Roberts - Chief Justice
Studied at Harvard Law, then worked as a lawyer until he was appointed as a judge in 2003. After some time, John Roberts became the youngest supreme court chief justice in 100 years.
Clarence Thomas - Associate Justice
After humble beginnings, studied at Yale school of Law. After various jobs, a drinking addiction, and sexual harassments accusations, he was appointed associate justice by Bush.
Sonia Sotomayor - Associate Justice
After being born in the Bronx, she studied at Princeton University, and then Yale Law. She worked famous cases as a lawyer, then was appointed to the US circuit court, and finally appointed to the Supreme Court by Obama.]]> 2023-01-27 13:38:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458955236 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458958825 When new policies are mad, the judicial branch must interpret its meaning, determine its relevance, and rule on how it should be applied. The supreme court must make sure that laws and policies are constitutional in the US.

It is the Supreme Court's responsibility to make sure that the government is not corrupt, and is following the constitution. They must constantly review what is going on.]]> 2023-01-27 13:42:08 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458958825 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458962983 In Judicial Activism, the constitution is interpreted loosely depending on what is needed presently, so change can be made.
In Judicial Restraint, the constitution is interpreted strictly, and new changes are held back.]]> 2023-01-27 13:45:59 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2458962983 sammycolewilson https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2460610468 Google slides (unit 2 part 1 and 2), Oyez, government archives (constitution, bill of rights)]]> 2023-01-29 22:28:15 UTC https://padlet.com/sammycolewilson/3oec6wkqi8jarg8q/wish/2460610468