Emergency Services Capstone by Kyra Sommerfeld https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv HWM Kyra Sommerfeld en-us 2020-02-23 21:47:26 UTC 2025-09-24 12:03:32 UTC hello@padlet.com Pain Inventory Survey kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458010965 This Inventory is based off the AAFP Brief Pain Inventory. I tweaked it a bit to fit my audience. It uses predominantly Likert scale, followed by a couple of open ended questions and finishes with a human body illustration they may shade to demonstrate pain areas. Colored pencils will be provided. 

I am considering adding a few questions on diet and fitness to the survey. It may seem appropriate to create a separate survey for those, but I suspect my participation rate will drop considerably if I go that route.]]> 2020-03-10 23:38:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458010965 Firefighter Fatality Report 2018 kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458023054 2020-03-11 00:13:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458023054 Firefighter Injury Report 2018 kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458023296 2020-03-11 00:14:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458023296 Law Enforcement Officer Fatality Report kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458025133 2020-03-11 00:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458025133 Law Enforcement Assault Injury Report with website. kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458027304 The website is better than the report as far as accessing specific data sets.
https://ucr.fbi.gov/leoka/2018/topic-pages/officers-assaulted]]> 2020-03-11 00:24:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458027304 Law Enforcement Suicides 2018 kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458030458 There were 172 law enforcement suicides in 2018. This is a website that has the suicide count from 2016 to present day.
https://bluehelp.org/]]> 2020-03-11 00:33:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458030458 Fire Service Suicides 2018 kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458031398 You need a paid membership to access the study by the Firefighter Behavioral Health Alliance, but this free article provides an overview.
https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/life/2019/09/23/firefighter-suicide-mental-health-culture-maryland-delaware-virginia-salisbury/1300515001/]]> 2020-03-11 00:35:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458031398 Law Enforcement Mental Health and Wellness Programs Case Studies kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458033201 These case studies focus on law enforcement, but many of them also include fire. I personally spoke with Aaron Snyder, the sergeant in charge of the wellness program for Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department. I was highly impressed!]]> 2020-03-11 00:40:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458033201 Determining Best Practices to Reduce Occupational Health Risks in Firefighters kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458038594 What I like most about this article/study is that it highlights that, "Cognitive awareness regarding personal fitness and wellness alone does not sup;port behavior change. Health behavior change comes from the knowledge of personal status and having the reasonable opportunity and environment conducive to making those changes.]]> 2020-03-11 00:55:33 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458038594 Fitness Intervention Benefits kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458049228 Decreased physical fitness is associated with injury for firefighters.]]> 2020-03-11 01:24:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458049228 Chronic Pain and Mental Health kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458050404 A bidirectional relationship has been found between chronic pain and mental health.]]> 2020-03-11 01:26:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458050404 Official AAFP Brief Pain Inventory kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458055042 Brief Pain Inventory belongs to a Practice-based toolkit that was "designed to help family physicians identify gaps in practice flow, standardize evaluation and treatment of chronic pain patients, and facilitate conversations surrounding pain and treatment goals, as well as identify and mitigate risk. It contains primary care, patient-centered resources that highlight key workflow features in order to streamline delivery and offer best-care medicine".

AAFP Chronic Pain Management Toolkit. (2016, June 9). Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://www.aafp.org/patient-care/public-health/pain-opioids/cpm-toolkit.html]]> 2020-03-11 01:39:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458055042 Low Monetary Incentive kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458059014 Even incentives with low monetary value increased the response participation of nurses filling out surveys.]]> 2020-03-11 01:51:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458059014 Anxiety and Pain Comorbidity in Public Safety Personnel kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458067282 Mental disorders and pain appear highly comorbid for public safety personnel.]]> 2020-03-11 02:19:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/458067282 The Youtube link kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548431924 "The Emergency Service Health Crisis: A Painful Observation"]]> 2020-05-04 07:51:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548431924 Video File kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548437512 "The Emergency Service Health Crisis: A Painful Observation"]]> 2020-05-04 07:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548437512 Paper PDF kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548442793 "The Emergency Service Health Crisis: A Painful Observation"]]> 2020-05-04 07:55:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548442793 Chronic Pain: A Driving Question kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548445536 Driving Question:
What is the prevalence of chronic pain in Wisconsin police officers and fire department emergency responders in relation to nutrition, fitness, and mental health?

Support Questions:
  • What percentage of Wisconsin police officers and fire department emergency responders experience chronic pain?

  • What is the severity of the chronic pain that is experienced by those emergency responders?

  • Is there a noticeable difference in the chronic pain experienced by police officers and fire department emergency responders?

  • Is there a relationship between physical activity patterns and chronic pain among police officers and fire department emergency responders?

  • Is there a relationship between diet and chronic pain among police officers and fire department emergency responders?

  • Is there a relationship between mental health and chronic pain among police officers and fire department emergency responders?
]]> 2020-05-04 07:56:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548445536 Abstract kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548457406 Chronic pain is the ongoing message of the potential threat of damage. Three key areas of concern for emergency responder health are physical fitness, diet, and cumulative trauma of the job. Physical fitness, diet, and cumulative trauma all have ties to chronic pain. Chronic pain can serve as a guide to risk prevention and health promotion for emergency responders. Conducting a statewide survey on the prevalence and significance of chronic pain and its ties to fitness, diet, and mental health of emergency responders can give direction to implementing population-specific health and wellness interventions.
            Keywords: emergency responders, law enforcement, firefighters, EMS, chronic pain, fitness, diet, mental health
]]> 2020-05-04 08:01:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548457406 Potential Survey Participant Details kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548466841 2020-05-04 08:05:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548466841 Survey Participant Snap Shot kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548482443 2020-05-04 08:11:12 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548482443 A Reflection kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548562420 Hello,

I work in emergency services. A few years ago, I assisted with an EMS training and noticed nearly everyone was reflecting poor health and/or health behaviors. What was more startling was that it had become engrained into the work culture?. You could tell by their behavior it was the norm and even celebrated.

EMTs are trained to utilize a standard patient assessment, regardless if the patient received a papercut or lost their whole arm to a table saw (wow, that’s a lot of blood). In that patient assessment is a series of questions known as, “OPQRST”; onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, and time. OPQRST is often applied to situations of pain and discomfort. We communicate with pain since it is the body’s way of trying to tell us what is wrong.

“Your arm hurts? Well, no wonder! A table saw went right through it. That is a problem. Yikes! We are going to need a bigger Band-Aid.”

I thought that the same principles could be applied to emergency responder health. If we could communicate with the pain, we could figure out what was wrong.

I wish I had become comfortable with the padlet format much earlier. Now that I am finally comfortable with it I can see what a great tool it would have been to use! Speaking and collaborating with classmates outside of class was helpful. Some of you (especially Viviene) provided excellent feedback that helped me direct and narrow my focus of exploration. I appreciated that Lisa Kay was also exploring health factors of emergency responders. It was fun in some of the discussions to be able to provide some of my resources to what she was looking at. The moral support the last few weeks was much appreciated. I had to scratch my original worksite plan and go to a strictly online form of research. With covid-19 there was not a way that any of the local police or fire departments would be able to take me on.

For this summer I will be executing a state wide survey to Wisconsin public career fire and police departments in order to communicate with the state’s emergency responder pain. If I could do things differently, I would start my very first semester and focus on learned helplessness instead of chronic pain in emergency services. I so badly want to publish a nationwide study on learned helplessness of emergency responders, but it is just not feasible to accomplish in our allotted time frame.

I very much enjoyed spending the semester with all of you and wish your capstone experiences the very best! Stay healthy.

Very respectfully,

Kyra
]]> 2020-05-04 08:41:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548562420 Firefighter Deaths by Year kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548576869 2020-05-04 08:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548576869 Benefits of Exercise kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548583941 Physical activity is known to reduce pain and injury ]]> 2020-05-04 08:49:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548583941 National Fire Department Registry kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548588438 2020-05-04 08:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548588438 US Census Area Classifications kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548590657
  • Urbanized Areas (UAs) of 50,000 or more people;

    • Urban Clusters (UCs) of at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.

    • “Rural” encompasses all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area.

    • To qualify as an urban area, the territory identified according to criteria must encompass at least 2,500 people, at least 1,500 of which reside outside institutional group quarters. 

    ]]>     2020-05-04 08:51:43 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548590657     Pain Definition kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548604105 “the psychical adjunct of an imperative, protective reflex” 
    - Dr. Charles Sherrington]]>     2020-05-04 08:56:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548604105     Chronic Pain Among Suicide Decedents kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548609089 Chronic pain has been identified as a risk factor for suicide ]]> 2020-05-04 08:58:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548609089 Core strength: A New Model for Injury Prediction and Prevention kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548614225 Firefighters were 1.68 times more likely to fail a Functional Movement Screening if they had a history of injury.]]> 2020-05-04 09:00:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548614225 Correlation Between Physical Activity, Fitness, and Musculoskeletal Injuries in Police Officers kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548618738 It has been found that law enforcement officers with the highest self-reported fitness levels are less likely to have chronic pain and injuries than officers that consider themselves less fit. Additionally, officers that classify as the most physically active are less than half as likely to report chronic pain than those who engage in less activity.]]> 2020-05-04 09:02:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548618738 Functional Fitness kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548636883 Research has found that functional fitness is a common thread in effective fire service fitness programs.]]> 2020-05-04 09:09:35 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548636883 Chronic Stress, Cortisol Dysfunction, and Pain: A Psychoneuroendocrine Rationale for Stress Management in Pain Rehabilitation kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548642963 Cumulative and/or exaggerated stress is found to lead to prolonged cortisol dysfunction, widespread inflammation, and pain ]]> 2020-05-04 09:12:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548642963 Evaluation of a fitness intervention for new firefighters: injury reduction and economic benefits. kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548646045 Decreased physical fitness is associated with injury ]]> 2020-05-04 09:13:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548646045 Mindful Nonreactivity Moderates the Relationship Between Chronic Stress and Pain Interference in Law Enforcement Officers kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548649434 2020-05-04 09:14:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548649434 Mindful Nonreactivity Moderates the Relationship Between Chronic Stress and Pain Interference in Law Enforcement kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548659684 2020-05-04 09:18:32 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548659684 Weight loss advice and prospective weight change among overweight firefighters kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548666698 It is estimated that over 70% of firefighters are overweight.]]> 2020-05-04 09:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548666698 A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition interventions for chronic noncancer pain. kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548673106 Nutritional interventions have a tremendous impact on pain, whether altering the diet as a whole, or just one nutrient ]]> 2020-05-04 09:23:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548673106 Examining Risk for Persistent Pain among Adults with Overweight Status kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548678847 In assessing risk for chronic pain among overweight adults, adults are 14 – 71% more likely to report chronic pain than adults of a healthy weight ]]> 2020-05-04 09:25:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548678847 Functional Movement Screen: Pain versus composite score and injury risk kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548684767 Responders that experience pain during any part of FMS have a statistically higher risk of injury than those that are pain-free during the assessment ]]> 2020-05-04 09:27:38 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548684767 Associations of Physical Activity and Obesity With the Risk of Developing the Metabolic Syndrome in Law Enforcement Officers kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548694523 Over 48% of law enforcement officers are overweight.]]> 2020-05-04 09:31:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548694523 Stress and law enforcers: testing the relationship between law enforcement work stressors and health-related issues kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548707198 Chronic pain among law enforcement officers has been significantly associated with chronic occupational stress ]]> 2020-05-04 09:35:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548707198 The impact of post-traumatic stress on first responders: analysis of cortisol, anxiety, depression, sleep impairment and pain kmsomme https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548715788 EMS personnel with PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety, have been found to have higher levels of musculoskeletal pain than their peers without those mental health conditions .]]> 2020-05-04 09:39:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kmsomme/3o3tgt4i4ixv/wish/548715788