Eutrophication is the process of excess nutrients accumulating in a body of water that results in algal blooms. Algae can oxygenate the water choke out the ecosystem.

CAFO's contribute to Eutrophication by way of animal waste being carried by runoff. The nutrients from the manure feed algae, bacteria, and other plants that overpopulate the water system and lowers the water pH as they decompose and release carbon dioxide.

Excess nutrients like ammonia can be bio available while phosphorus can be fixed or unavailable in soil.

Animal waste also has the potential to leach into ground water. This can negatively impact the surrounding community, like those located in North Carolina near swine operations. These low income/ minority communities located near the CAFO have higher rates of chronic health issues.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqXxwYEkF1s