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      <title>Legal Guide by Vanessa Watkins</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy</link>
      <description>Working with Dyslexic Students</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:07:02 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-08-13 17:17:36 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Slide #1 My Professional Perspective</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610128284</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My professional perspective is working as a school counselor for grades PK-5 at a local 2A school district.  I have received my Bachelor's and worked ten years as a classroom teacher. I have received my Master's degree in Professional School Counseling and am currently employed in the counseling role.  This Legal Guide Padlet is a resource guide to educators to help them understand legislature and policies related to students with Dyslexia.  I chose this topic because, as an educator, I often did not know the legal requirements for dyslexic students.  </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.angelo.edu/" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:12:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610128284</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Slide #2 Summary of Topic</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610128526</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Why is knowledge of rights associated with Dyslexic students important?</strong><br>I feel that this issue is of great importance for educators, families, and students in order to provide educational equity for all.  Educators need to be aware of the legal requirements for dyslexic students in order to meet students' needs and provide a quality education.  Understanding these rights is important so that the teacher can be adequately prepared to participate and contribute to 504 meetings associated with dyslexic students. Knowledge of rights associated with dyslexic students is important for all stakeholders in order to ensure social, emotional, and academic growth.<br><br><strong>Emerging Issues<br><br></strong>Educational practice related to issues with dyslexia identification and educational equity continue to evolve.  Currently, educators struggle to identify students for dyslexia testing and provide adequate support and resources for dyslexic learners within the classroom.  Recently, varying states have either adopted or discussed the implementation of programs that offer strategies which are beneficial to dyslexic learners into the general classroom instruction.  Some reading specialists and dyslexic instructors hope that Texas may adopt similar instruction modifications.<br><br><sub>(A. Logan, personal communication, June 23, 2020)</sub></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://dyslexiaida.org/" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:12:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610128526</guid>
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         <title>Slide #3 National Education Agency- Advocating for Students with Learning Disabilities</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610128730</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In association with October's Learning Disability Awareness Month, the National Education Agency (NEA, n.d.) released an article about advocating for students with learning disabilities within the educational setting.  Fifteen million people in the United States have been identified as having a learning disability; therefore, providing adequate support, resources, and acceptance of differences is essential.  This resource is informative for all stakeholders because it outlines the importance of promoting differences between students and advocating for educational equity for all. This resource is informative because it provides all stakeholders with information and ethical practices associated with students who are identified as having a learning disability.<br><br> <sub>National Education Association (NEA), (n.d.). Advocating for Students with Learning Disabilities. Retrieved from </sub><a href="http://www.nea.org/home/36674.htm"><sub>http://www.nea.org/home/36674.htm</sub></a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.nea.org/home/36674.htm" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:13:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610128730</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Slide #4 Education Week Article</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610129059</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The article "A Special Education Student Speaks: Dealing with the Ups and Downs" from the Education Week site (2018) discusses the first-hand experiences and perspective of a young girl who was diagnosed with dyslexia in first grade.  It compares experiences with varying teachers, schools, and grades.  Specifically, the student discusses accommodations and teacher attitude that contributed to positive or negative learning experiences.  <br>Positive experiences-</div><ul><li>positive feedback</li><li>listening</li><li>patience</li><li>helpful</li><li>attentive</li><li>open to new ideas</li><li>breaks from learning</li><li>calm environment</li><li>stimulating classes</li><li>accommodating IEP</li></ul><div><br>Negative experiences-</div><ul><li>noisy environments</li><li>"you can do it" statements that make the student feel like they are not trying hard enough</li><li>teachers who don't listen to students' learning ideas</li><li>idea that all dyslexic students are the same</li><li>noncompliance with learning accommodations</li></ul><div><br></div><div>The article discusses positive impacts of successful learning for dyslexic students and provides a broad range of accommodations that students may benefit from.  Overall, the student is conveying how all dyslexic students are different and should not be viewed as a "mold" of student behavior or accomplishment.  This article relates to legislature associated with dyslexic students' rights by outlining helpful accommodations that are recommended from a students' personal experience and required by law.<br><br><sub>Griffith-Tager, E. (2018, December 5). A special education student speaks: Dealing with the ups and downs. </sub><em><sub>Education Week, 38</sub></em><sub> (15). Retrieved from </sub><a href="https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/12/05/a-special-education-student-speaks-whipsawed-by.html"><sub>https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/12/05/a-special-education-student-speaks-whipsawed-by.html</sub></a><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/12/05/a-special-education-student-speaks-whipsawed-by.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:13:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610129059</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Slide #5 Texas Funding of Dyslexia Services Article</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610129314</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In an article entitled "Efforts of Legislature, TEA Have Parents Of Dyslexic Students Cautiously Optimistic" provided by the Texas Standard (Claborn, 2019), connections are made between dyslexic services and increased success in school.  The article presents the past failure of Texas school systems in addressing dyslexia and providing appropriate services that are legally required.  According to the author, one of the biggest problems with dyslexia services is</div><ul><li>that it is not classified under special education, and that reduces oversight, enforcement, and funding. </li><li>often receives less of a push for testing because it is not included under a "whole picture" of testing.</li></ul><div><br>The author discusses the newest progress of Texas legislature which discusses increased funding for </div><ul><li>dyslexic services</li><li>testing materials</li><li>professional development of teachers</li></ul><div>This progress has educators and parents hopeful that an increase in the quality of services and early identification of students will benefit many.<br><br>If the state provides more funds directly to the dyslexia program, students will receive</div><ul><li>a higher quality of services</li><li>accommodations</li><li>resources that can aid in applying their legal rights of a FAPE.  </li></ul><div><br>This article relates to the topic because it addresses</div><ul><li>the need for FAPE </li><li>the importance of educational equity</li><li>past failures in Texas related to dyslexia</li><li>early assessment and identification of students with dyslexia</li><li>funding improvements taken by the state</li></ul><div><br><sub>Claborn, H. (2019, July 9). </sub><em><sub>Abilene  Public Radio.</sub></em><sub> Retrieved from </sub><a href="https://www.kacu.org/post/efforts-legislature-tea-have-parents-dyslexic-students-cautiously-optimistic"><sub>https://www.kacu.org/post/efforts-legislature-tea-have-parents-dyslexic-students-cautiously-optimistic</sub></a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/efforts-of-legislature-tea-have-parents-of-dyslexic-students-cautiously-optimistic/" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:13:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610129314</guid>
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         <title>Slide #6 Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (U.S. Const. Amend. XIV)- Constitutional Law</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610129644</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This law provides protections</div><ul><li> educational equity</li><li>prohibits states from creating prohibiting laws</li><li>prohibits deprivation of liberty without due process</li><li>prohibits denial of equal protection of laws</li></ul><div><br></div><div>This means that students with dyslexia have equal protection under the law and builds a foundation for ensuring equal educational rights for disabled students.<br><br><sub>U.S. Const. amend. XIV</sub></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-14/" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:14:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610129644</guid>
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         <title>Slide #7  Definition of Dyslexia and Related Disorders (Tex. Educ. Code §  38.003)- Statutory Law</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610130217</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Texas Education Code (TEC) § 38.003 defines dyslexia as a disorder of constitutional origin manifested by a difficulty in learning to-</div><ul><li>read</li><li>write</li><li>spell</li></ul><div><strong><em>Despite</em></strong>-</div><ul><li>adequate instruction</li><li>adequate intelligence</li><li>sociocultural opportunity</li></ul><div><br>Related disorders is defined by Texas Education Code (TEC) §38.003 as <strong><em>similar</em></strong> or <strong><em>related to dyslexia,</em></strong> such as-</div><ul><li>developmental auditory imperception</li><li>dysphasia (speech disorder)</li><li>specific developmental dyslexia</li><li>dysgraphia</li><li>developmental spelling disability</li></ul><div>  <br><strong>The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 USC § 794)- Statutory Law</strong><br>Commonly known for the Section 504 practices which <em>prohibit</em> </div><ul><li>discrimination based on disability</li></ul><div><em>Provides</em></div><ul><li>establishment of assessment</li><li>evaluation standards and procedures</li></ul><div><em>Outlines inclusion of dyslexic students</em></div><ul><li>in activities operated by federal funds</li></ul><div><br></div><div>Students who continue to struggle with reading, writing, or spelling despite intelligence, receiving an adequate education, and being provided developmental opportunity, may be identified as dyslexic (Tex. Educ. Code § 38.003).  Dyslexic students may not be discriminated against or excluded from school assemblies and other learning opportunities in order to make up class work.<br><br><sub>Screening and Treatment for Dyslexia and Related Disorders, Tex. Educ. Code § 38.003<br>The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq.<br></sub><br><a href="https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.38.htm#38.003"><mark>Link to Tex. Educ. Code §  38.003</mark></a><mark> </mark></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=rehabilitation+act+of+1973&amp;f=treesort&amp;fq=true&amp;num=131&amp;hl=true&amp;edition=prelim&amp;granuleId=USC-prelim-title29-section794https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=rehabilitation+act+of+1973&amp;f=treesort&amp;fq=true&amp;num=131&amp;hl=true&amp;edition=prelim&amp;granuleId=USC-prelim-title29-section794" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:15:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610130217</guid>
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         <title>Slide #8 Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley (1982)- Judicial Law</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610130624</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Supreme Court ruled in this case that students with disabilities shall receive </div><ul><li>a "free appropriate public education" (FAPE)</li><li>a least restrictive environment to learn</li></ul><div><br>The court’s decision in this case aided</div><ul><li>in defining FAPE</li><li>establishing FAPE for all students</li></ul><div><br>FAPE emphasizes special education and related services. It can be defined as services that are designed to meet each child's specific needs in order to prepare them for future education, employment, or independent living.  FAPE shall be at the public expense, under public supervision, and without charge. It shall include appropriate elementary and secondary schooling and include IEPs.<br><br><sub>(Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, 1982). </sub></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep458/usrep458176/usrep458176.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:15:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610130624</guid>
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         <title>Slide #9 Disability Definition (34 C.F.R. § 300.8)- Administrative Law</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131288</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Code of Federal Regulations § 300.8 defines disability as a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes, such as-</div><ul><li>understanding or using language</li><li>spoken or written word</li><li>listening ability</li><li>thinking</li><li>speaking</li><li>reading</li><li>writing</li><li>spelling</li><li>mathematical calculations</li><li>brain injury</li><li>minimal brain dysfunction</li><li>dyslexia</li><li>developmental aphasia</li></ul><div><br><strong>Dyslexia Handbook (2018)- Administrative Law</strong><br>According to the Dyslexia Handbook provided by the Texas Education Agency (TEA, 2018) provides risk factors associated with dyslexia.  The following behaviors are unexpected for a student's age, educational level, or cognitive abilities, they may be at risk for dyslexia-<br><strong><em>PK- </em></strong></div><ul><li>delay learning to talk</li><li>difficulty rhyming</li><li>lower recall of nursery rhymes</li></ul><div><br><strong><em>Kindergarten &amp; 1st-</em></strong></div><ul><li>difficulty breaking words into smaller parts (baseball- "base" "ball"</li><li>difficulty identifying and manipulating sounds in syllables </li><li>difficulty remembering the names of letters and sounds</li><li>difficulty reading in isolation</li></ul><div> <br><strong><em>2nd &amp; 3rd-</em></strong></div><ul><li>difficulty recognizing common sight words</li><li>difficulty reading fluently </li><li>difficulty decoding</li><li>reliance on pictures, story theme, or guessing</li><li>difficulty with written expression</li></ul><div> <br><strong><em>4th - 6th-</em></strong></div><ul><li>avoidance of reading</li><li>difficulty reading aloud or fluently</li><li>difficulty decoding</li></ul><div><br><strong><em>Middle &amp; High School-</em></strong></div><ul><li>difficulty with the volume of reading and written work</li><li>less success at learning foreign language</li><li>frustration with time to read</li></ul><div><br><a href="https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2018-Dyslexia-Handbook_Approved_Accomodated_12_11_2018.pdf"><strong><mark>Click for Link to Dyslexia Handbook-</mark></strong></a><strong><mark><br></mark></strong><br><sub>Child with a Disability, 34 C.F.R. § 300.8<br><br>Texas Education Agency. (2018, November). </sub><em><sub>Dyslexia Handbook.</sub></em><sub> Retrieved from </sub><a href="https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2018-Dyslexia-Handbook_Approved_Accomodated_12_11_2018.pdf"><sub>https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2018-Dyslexia-Handbook_Approved_Accomodated_12_11_2018.pdf</sub></a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://ecfr.io/Title-34/Section-300.8" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:16:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131288</guid>
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         <title>Slide #10 Gilmer ISD Student Handbook on Rights for Students with Learning Disabilities (Gilmer ISD, 2019)- Administrative Law</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131524</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Gilmer ISD has outlined the need for a least restrictive environment for all students with special learning needs in the student handbook.  The district shall</div><ul><li>ensure students receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE)</li><li>meet students' individual needs</li><li>provide students with aids identified by the teacher, parent, or 504 committee</li></ul><div><br>This outlines how students with dyslexia may receive aids that may ensure an appropriate education that is individualized to meet personal needs. Dyslexic students may receive increased time on assessments, oral administrations, manipulatives, colored overlays, or repeated oral directions as resources for successful learning.<br><br><sub>Gilmer ISD. (2019, August). Student Handbook, Students with Physical or Mental Impairments </sub></div><div><sub>Protected Under Section 504 Areas. Retrieved from </sub></div><div><sub>https://s3.amazonaws.com/scschoolfiles/2046/ges_handbook_student_2019-2020.pdf</sub></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://s3.amazonaws.com/scschoolfiles/2046/ges_handbook_student_2019-2020.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:17:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131524</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Slide #11 ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131748</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The American School Counselor Association's Ethical Standards for School Counselors (ASCA, 2016) outlines in the A.10 F standard how school counselors should advocate for-</div><ul><li>access to a free, appropriate public education for all youth</li><li>non-stigmatized or isolation based on-</li></ul><ol><li>housing status</li><li>disability</li><li>foster care</li><li>special education status</li><li>mental health</li><li>any other special need</li></ol><div> <br>This ethical code relates to the educational equity of dyslexic students by outlining how counselors should advocate for students with disabilities, such as, the reading/writing disability of dyslexia.  The code provides ethical guidance for how counselors should advocate for students with inhibiting factors to ensure they receive a FAPE, equal rights, and a non-stigmatized learning environment.<br><br><sub>American School Counselor Association. (2016). </sub><em><sub>Ethical Standards for School Counselors.</sub></em><sub> Retrieved from </sub><a href="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf"><sub>https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf</sub></a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:17:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131748</guid>
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         <title>Slide #12 Educational Service Center (ESC) 7 Dyslexia Resources</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131823</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Region 7 ESC offers dyslexia resources for counselors and educators. Resources include links to-</div><ul><li>International Dyslexia Association</li><li>Texas Center for Learning Disabilities</li><li>Dyslexia Handbook</li><li>Texas Education Code &amp; Texas Administrative Code associated with dyslexia</li><li>definition and characteristics of dyslexia</li><li>fact sheets</li><li>IPAD apps for dyslexic students</li><li>books/articles related to dyslexia</li></ul><div>This resource informs the topic of dyslexia by providing many alternate resources that can be used for legal analysis, identification of dyslexic risk factors in students, resources for students or parents, and related books.<br>Region 7 is a local service center that can use the dyslexia resources and application of the website in order to serve teachers, educators, counselors, and all stakeholders in the varying aspects of dyslexia.<br><br><sub>Region 7 ESC. (2020). </sub><em><sub>Dyslexia</sub></em><sub>. Retrieved from </sub><a href="https://www.esc7.net/page/CIA.dyslexia.home"><sub>https://www.esc7.net/page/CIA.dyslexia.home</sub></a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.esc7.net/page/CIA.dyslexia.home" />
         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:17:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610131823</guid>
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         <title>Slide #13 Recommendations &amp; Best Practices for Compliance</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610132308</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Varying levels of law and handbooks discuss the importance, definition, and requirements associated with children identified as dyslexic.  Legal requirements outline the importance of establishing a FAPE and ensuring an individualized educational path for each student with a learning disability.  The various signs/symptoms of dyslexia are important to understand in order to accommodate students' unique ways of learning.<br><br>In order to comply with legislature associated with dyslexia, it is recommended to-</div><ul><li>Promote differences among students in order to establish a community of successful learners and aid in the prevention of stigmatization of dyslexic students.</li><li>Provide equal protection under laws for all students, including dyslexic students.</li><li>Ensure that all students receive a FAPE that includes requirements and accommodations presented from their IEP or 504 documentation.</li></ul><div><strong>Best Practices for Educators-</strong></div><ul><li>Join a professional Dyslexia association (International Dyslexia Association, American Dyslexia Association) in order to receive support, resources, and professional growth related to dyslexia.</li><li>Stay up-to-date on legislature, policies, and issues associated with dyslexia in order to understand student, parent, and educator rights.</li><li>Participate in professional development opportunities in order to grow as a leader and practice regulations and accommodations within the classroom.</li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-06-04 03:18:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/610132308</guid>
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         <title>EXTRA SOURCES</title>
         <author>vwatkins11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/655354603</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://dyslexiaida.org/fact-sheets/">https://dyslexiaida.org/fact-sheets/</a><br><br><a href="http://moschoolcounselor.org/files/2018/11/What-School-Counselors-Need-to-Know-About-Dyslexia.pdf">http://moschoolcounselor.org/files/2018/11/What-School-Counselors-Need-to-Know-About-Dyslexia.pdf</a><br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://dyslexiaida.org/fact-sheets/" />
         <pubDate>2020-07-15 18:27:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/vwatkins11/3mge8byj2aq181xy/wish/655354603</guid>
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