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      <title>Climate Change by Benjamin Zeissner [Student FVHS]</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change</link>
      <description>Period 5 Group 4; Ben Zeissner; Bradley Chu; Jesus Medina; Bryce Nichols</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2015-03-27 20:21:45 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2015-04-02 23:04:32 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>Irreversible Climate Change Would Result From Continued Inaction</title>
         <author>bradleycchu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55314113</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;"><p>This article states that basically we as humans need to do something to help against climate change or else we can't change the climate back to what it once was in the future. By greenhouse gases being exposed to the atmosphere, up to 27 ecosystems will receive severe impacts. We can adapt to this climate change and prepare for the impacts, but it isn't an effective way because eventually we can't adapt enough to counter climate change, when instead we can try to reduce the effects by reducing greenhouse gas exposure. The point were the irreversible effect of climate change , according to scientists, is when the global climate rises 2 degrees Celsius. To stop that point from getting reached, global emissions must decrease to 40%-70% of what they are currently by 2050. Without nations cutting emissions, the Earth could warm up to 4 degrees Celsius, where, "substantial species extinction, global and regional food insecurity, consequential constraints on common human activities, and limited potential for adaptation in some cases", as the article states. The world can hold up to 2,900 Gigatons of of Carbon Dioxide from a report by scientists, and we have apparently used 2/3 of the space already. A method of reducing carbon emissions by reducing the carbon intensity of electricity generation has been introduced, but the problem is that some nations, like India, rely on coal for their energy. If these Carbon Dioxide emissions aren't controlled, heat waves will occur more often, and the Arctic sea ice would disappear before the year 2050. Currently, to limit warming by 2 degrees Celsius, the world would have to restrain Carbon Dioxide levels to 450 parts per million by 2100-the concentration now is about 400 parts per million and is rising.</p></blockquote></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/irreversible-climate-change-would-result-from-continued-inaction/" />
         <pubDate>2015-03-30 04:43:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55314113</guid>
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         <title>Climate Change Video</title>
         <author>bdzeissner100</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55426647</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Morgan Freeman talks with us in his majestic and manly voice soothing our minds as he describes to us the issues of climate change.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YQIaOldDU8" />
         <pubDate>2015-03-30 20:44:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55426647</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>bjnichols100</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55426853</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2015-03-30 20:46:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55426853</guid>
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         <title>The Bio-Geo Chemical Cycles</title>
         <author>bradleycchu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55566114</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>There are cycles of certain elements that run along side us in this world. One of the main cycles is the cycle of carbon through the atmosphere by Biological, Human, Geological, and Physical/Chemical processes. There are also cycles of Nitrogen, where Nitrogen is recycled from being fertilizer to be gas by bacteria with decomposition, and Phosphorus, where Phosphorus is cycled through phosphate in the form of phosphate rock, sediments, or minerals through the atmosphere. Nitrogen is needed for production of amino acids and Phosphorus is needed for formation of DNA and RNA.  Carbon, in particular, is important due to Carbon itself being part of all compounds that are organic, with also being part of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbon Dioxide, from Oxygen and Carbon, is the main component of our atmosphere and is the item that cycles Carbon through out the cycle.  In Geological processes dead organisms, like animals, plants, or trees, become part of the ground as sediments or rocks. These dead organisms can be used as oil, natural gas, or coal by decomposition, pressure, and heat. The oil/natural gas/coal is used by us as humans for energy, which releases Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. The Carbon Dioxide then gets absorbed by plants undergoing photosynthesis. The plants die off and by decomposition/pressure/heat become a fossil fuel. The Carbon Dioxide can also dissolve into the oceans and be recycled as sediment and then to carbonate rocks. The Biological process involves using the processes of photosynthesis by plants and cellular respiration by animals or consumers. The plants absorb Carbon Dioxide and water to do photosynthesis and produce oxygen. Cellular respiration involves absorbing this oxygen and making water, energy, and Carbon Dioxide. Humans also take part in this cycle too, by using fossil fuels produced by the Geological cycles via pressure, decomposition, or heat, to make energy by using coal or oil. With also deforestation by burning, this releases Carbon Dioxide into the air, which then is either cycled back through Geological processes or by Biological processes. In the Physical/Chemical process, the Carbon Dioxide dissolves in rain water, and then dissolves in oceans to return back into the atmosphere. The Carbon Cycle has to be maintained equal because, if there is too little plants to take Carbon Dioxide, then the gas itself goes more into the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas to trap heat from the sun into our atmosphere. This in turn increases climate change and global warming so it is very important that this cycle is maintained if we are to prevent climate change which melts our glaciers.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2015-03-31 19:59:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55566114</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>bradleycchu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55569820</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/art/graph4.gif" />
         <pubDate>2015-03-31 20:33:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55569820</guid>
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         <title>Amazon Forest Becoming Less of a Climate Change Safety Net</title>
         <author>bdzeissner100</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55702546</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The article is basically saying that we can not rely on our oceans and plant life to do most of our work for us in reducing the carbon pollution.  Yes the trees were able to keep up with all the excess, but with that in mind, they have their growth altered. “With time, the growth stimulation feeds through the system, causing trees to live faster, and so die younger,” Oliver L. Phillips, a tropical ecologist at the University of Leeds and one of the leaders of the research, said in a statement.  About 2 billion tons a year of carbon dioxide is taken up by 189,000 trees over a span of 30 years.  This number has since reduced by half its starting point.  The Amazon has been weakened by the pollution happening around us.  Now scientists are concerned about other forests and trees having the exact same thing happen to them.  If this does happen, less help will be given by the trees and major carbon emission cuts will have to be made to take action.  “Forests are doing us a huge favor, but we can’t rely on them to solve the carbon problem,” Dr. Phillips said. “Instead, deeper cuts in emissions will be required to stabilize our climate.”</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://nytimes.com/2015/03/24/science/earth/amazon-forest-becoming-less-of-a-climate-change-safety-net.html?ref=topics" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-01 20:10:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55702546</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>bradleycchu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55702657</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&amp;rct=j&amp;q=carbon+parts+per+million+graphs+2015&amp;source=images&amp;cd=&amp;ved=0CAcQjRw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ucar.edu%2Fnews%2Fhow-much-carbon-dioxide-and-other-kinds-greenhouse-gas-already-atmosphere&amp;ei=zlAcVfLQCo3woASN3IHABQ&amp;bvm=bv.89744112,d.cGU&amp;psig=AFQjCNHtYIs3LT28izN59meQnGBvmgZkHQ&amp;ust=1428005453346935" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-01 20:11:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55702657</guid>
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         <title>Climate Change Threatens to Kill Off More Aspen Forests by 2050s, Scientists Say</title>
         <author>bdzeissner100</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55703357</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>“I think of aspens as a good canary-in-the-coal-mine tree,” said William R. L. Anderegg, the Princeton University researcher who led the new study, released online Monday [March 30, 2015] by the journal Nature Geoscience. “They’re a wet-loving tree in a dry landscape. They may be showing us how these forests are going to change pretty massively as that landscape gets drier still."  What he is saying is that, Aspen trees are kind of like a warning.  The way they are talked about, it is saying that these trees would kind of be the first type of tree to die off.  If they have been flourishing for many years before modern greenhouse gas emissions and now forests of them are starting to get damaged, then we should know that something is wrong in the picture.  Last decade, a big drought and a lot of heat swept through Colorado killing millions of Aspen trees.  If global emissions are not reduced by the 2050s, it is quite possible that if these patterns continued, that Aspen die-offs are imminent.  In droughts, these trees die from tiny air bubbles that form in the soil when it gets too dry.  The bubbles are then carried into the tree blocking water from passing through the rest of the tree.  Dr. Anderegg and his collaborators have come up with a program to predict Aspen deaths with a 75% accuracy.  Applying the continuing rates of greenhouse gases, it predicted a major Aspen die-off.  With everything that is happening, other trees and forests will most likely be affected as well.  Though they are all diverse and some cope better with certain conditions, if we keep up our habits, plants will begin to die.  “The more we lower emissions, the less the risks become,” Dr. Anderegg said. “The choice is in our hands.”</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://nytimes.com/2015/03/31/science/earth/climate-change-threatens-to-kill-off-more-aspen-forests-by-2050s-scientists-say.html?ref=topics&amp;_r=0" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-01 20:18:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55703357</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Historical satellite images reveal snow is melting earlier in Wyoming</title>
         <author>bjnichols100</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55703743</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>This article states that in Wyoming snow has started melting 16 days earlier from 1970 to the 1990's.This has caused a drought for the state because Wyoming depends on snow for most of its water souses. Also this has been a cause for more wildfires and ecosystem changes. Earlier snowfall has been observed by scientists since 1966. To find this data scientists used a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite to record data. These satelites look at stream flow because the stream flow is influenced by snow fall and rain fall. This data showed  earlier stream runoff and snow melt. Meterologists hypothisied that increasing summer and spring night temperatures could be a cause. The scientists used over 1000 land sat scenes to create 227 snow maps for a 42 year period. However the experiment didn't have enough data so it could only be approximated.This indicates regional climate change.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://climate.nasa.gov/news/2257/" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-01 20:23:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55703743</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>7 Solutions to Climate Change Happening Now</title>
         <author>jesus_medina129</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55724576</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p></p><p><span>This article speaks about the lack of action the U.S, responsible for the largest share of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, has put towards climate change. This is partly due to the inability due to political controversy surrounding the topic despite the president having strong feelings about supporting action. Greenhouse gas pollution has touched 400 parts per million, the highest in the nation’s history. The levels concentration have risen far beyond than normal that scientist believe the only way to remove CO2 from the atmosphere would be through new technology. The article states the seven ways to slow down climate change (too much admission has been exposed to our atmosphere that climate change is inevitably). To begin with, we must first clean our power plants. We have taken a step in the right direction. In 2013, the new power plants have relied less on coal for electricity cutting down the admission released into the air. Secondly, we must take local action. This includes lowering CO2 released by limiting car trips, turning off unneeded light, buying recycled products, etc. Next, the U.S has a duty to control methane leaks. Additionally, a priority for slowing down the effects of climate are tougher emission and efficiency standards meaning creating stricter laws on how much CO2 we should release. We must create greener farms. This means planting more plants to release oxygen. Private sector action or limiting CO2 releases by factories is also needed. In conclusion, the U.S must finds way to create new kinds of geopolitical consensus. This means big countries must pledge to limit CO2 emissions. </span></p><p></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/7-solutions-to-climate-change-happening-now/" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-02 04:31:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55724576</guid>
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         <title>Biogeochemical Cycles PowerPoint</title>
         <author>bradleycchu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55821958</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13NvnWpSD7crH1DdFvox1zaltCtEfu7iFO3qV5W5wZdM/edit?usp=sharing" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-02 23:04:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/bdzeissner100/climate_change/wish/55821958</guid>
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