https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr Made with mirth en-us 2022-01-13 17:16:23 UTC 2023-07-19 01:12:10 UTC hello@padlet.com cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990853574 Cause/Background: The biggest thing that led to this event was when the NAACP started to work hard to challenge the Jim Crow Laws in public schools. When Chief justice Fred M. Vinson died, Dwight Eisenhower took his place and allowed the Brown v. Board of Education to be heard in court. Fred Vinson didn't allow this movement to take place in court because he still had the opinion that the Plessy verdict should stand.
Event: On May 17, 1954, the governor of California Earl Warren stated, "In this field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place as segregated schools are "inherently unequal." After governor Warren issued this, the Court stated that the NAACP was deprived of their right guaranteed by the 14th amendment.
Impact/Importance: The Brown v. Board of Education helped by establishing an example of "separate-but-equal" education and other services to impact and change services that weren't equal at all.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka]]> 2022-01-13 17:21:18 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990853574 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990857138 Cause/Background: At the time, segregation was written into law so the front of the bus was reserved for white people and the rest was for black people.
Event: On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was coming home from her work at the Montgomery Fair department. She refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama and was arrested.
Impact/Importance: After Rosa Parks and Nixon got together to talk about the segregation laws, the black population of Montgomery would boycott the buses on Monday, December 5 (Rosa Parks' trial). To inform people about the boycott, 35,000 flyers were made and sent home with African-American schoolstudents.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks]]> 2022-01-13 17:23:08 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990857138 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990861758 Cause/Background: The event of Little Rock Nine, and many others, led to President Eisenhower's decision to sign the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
Event: On September 9, 1957, President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act in order to protect voter rights. The Civil Rights Act allows federal prosecution of people who suppress another's right to vote.
Impact/Importance: The first occasion since the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights. The Civil Rights Act established the Civil Rights division in the justice department. This gave federal officials the power to prosecute individuals who denied another citizen's right to vote.
Link: http://crdl.usg.edu/events/civil_rights_act_1957/?Welcome]]> 2022-01-13 17:25:32 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990861758 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990864661 Cause/Background: On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court ruled segregation of public schools unconstitutional after the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka meeting occurred. Some states still had mandatory Jim Crow Laws so the court issued a second decision in 1955. This decision ordered school districts to integrate with all deliberate speed.
Event: On September 4, 1957, a group of nine Black students called Little Rock Nine was escorted by federal troops to a formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, called in the National Guards on the first day because he didn't want the Black students to enter the high school. Later on that month, is when President Eisenhower sent in the federal troops to escort them.
Impact/Importance: Little Rock Nine would go on to be acknowledged for their significant role in the Civil Rights Movement.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration#desegregation-of-scho]]> 2022-01-13 17:26:58 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990864661 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990870901 Cause/Background: The event of Ruby Bridges was also influenced by Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. As a way to enforce the new law in the south, which continued to resist integration, four members of the federal military escorted Ruby to the all-white school.
Event: On November 14, 1960, Ruby Bridges, a six-year-old girl, was escorted by four armed federal marshalls. On this day, Ruby becomes the first student to integrate into William Frantz Elementary School located in New Orleans.
Impact/Importance: The actions of Ruby would further advance the cause of Civil Rights. Over time, more African American students would enroll in all-white schools.
Link: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ruby-bridges]]> 2022-01-13 17:30:01 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990870901 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990875410 Cause/Background: In 1941, an elder statesman of the civil rights movement, had previously planned a mass march on Washington to protest Black soldier's exclusion from WWII jobs. However, on the day before the event, FDR met with Randolph and issued an executive order forbidding discrimination against workers known as the FEPC. With the FEPC in place, Randolph called off the march.
Event: On August 28, 1963, as 250,000 people take part in the March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr. gives his famous "I have a dream" speech. Originally, MLK's "I have a dream" line was never planned in his speech. It occurred when gospel star Mahalia Jackson told MLK to tell the crowd about his dream.
Impact/Importance: Considered a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement, shifting the demand and demonstrations for racial equality that mostly occurred in the south.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/march-on-washington]]> 2022-01-13 17:32:29 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990875410 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990878329 Cause/Background: When protests popped up throughout the South, police would suppress nonviolent demonstrators with dogs, clubs, and high-pressure fire hoses. In June of 1963, JFK stated that the United States wouldn't be fully free until all of the citizens are free.
Event: On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This act prevented employment discrimination due to race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.
Impact/Importance: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 would influence two major follow-up laws. These laws are the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act]]> 2022-01-13 17:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990878329 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990888539 Cause/Background: On March 7, 1965, civil rights activists were attacked by Alabama police. This shocked the nation and helped lead to the creation and signing of the Voting Rights Act.
Event: On August 6, 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. This act banned the use of literacy tests, provided federal oversight of voter registration, and authorized the US attorney general to investigate poll taxes.
Impact/Importance: Gave African American voters the legal means to challenge voting restrictions and vastly improved voter turnout.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-a]]> 2022-01-13 17:39:17 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990888539 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990893830 Cause/Background: Spring of 1968, MLK and SCLC members were called to Memphis, Tennessee. The night of April 3, King gave a speech at the Mason Temple Church in Memphis where he seemed to foreshadow his own untimely passing.
Event: On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on the balcony of his hotel room in Memphis, Tennessee by a man named James Earl Ray who was convicted in 1969.
Impact/Importance: MLK's assassination radicalized many moderate African American activists which would improve the growth of the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination]]> 2022-01-13 17:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990893830 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990898186 Cause/Background: Following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., cities started to riot. With the amount of destruction occurring in every part of the US, President Johnson and Congress leaders passed the Fair Housing Act.
Event: On April 11, 1968, President Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act. This act prohibited discrimination about the selling, renting, and financing of houses based on race, religion, national origin, or sex.
Impact/Importance: The Fair Housing Act was the last major act of legislation of the Civil Rights Movement. This increased the Black population throughout urban centers. In 1988, Congress passed the Fair Housing Amendments Act. This would expand the law by also prohibiting discrimination in housing based on disability or on family status.
Link: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fair-housing-act]]> 2022-01-13 17:44:11 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990898186 cadenbirtz2024 https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990903614 https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement/civil-rights-movement-timeline]]> 2022-01-13 17:47:01 UTC https://padlet.com/cadenbirtz2024/3l6f2xos54467yqr/wish/1990903614