• Widows, children, disabled people, older adults that are not able to work (these people were considered "worthy" of assistance

And "unworthy poor":

• Abled bodied adults, everyone not considered "worthy"

• Idea of family first for financial support

• Indoor relief: assistance through poor- and work-houses

• Outdoor relief: relief through cash and other goods

  
  

• https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/poor-laws/#:~:text=The%20poor%20laws%20gave%20the,put%20the%20unemployed%20to%20work.

• Also known as Workmans' Compensation

Covers:

• About 2/3 of employee's paycheck

• All medical expenses

First state passed in 1911 (WI); 50th state passed in 1948 (MS)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1888620/

• To be eligible: must be actively seeking employment, must have lost your job involuntarily and without aspects of personal misconduct, must have made a certain amount (determined by state) in a calendar quarter from your previous job

• Benefits: A weekly cash percentage of your previous job's quarterly earnings (often caps out depending on state), you can only be on UI for up to a certain number of weeks also designated by your state

• https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/docs/factsheet/UI_Program_FactSheet.pdf

What is it for?:

• People who become retired and/or disabled

• Minors who have outlived their families

• Workmans' Comp.

Continues to morph

Class powerpoint/notes

• Signed by FDR, amidst WWII

• Resulted in mass incarceration of Japanese Americans into internment camps

• Enabled John DeWitt to designate new "military areas" specifically targeting Japanese communities; allowed for forceful removal of these Japanese families from their homes into internment camps

Conditions:

• Harsh temperatures/ weather conditions

• Uninsulated barracks

• Cots for sleep

• Extreme military presence, anyone who left or tried to escape was shot

However, many Japanese Americans in these internment camps formed their own communities and were able to maintain their standards of culture

https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/japanese-relocation

• Monies for education, apprenticeships, vocational training, etc.

• Allowed up to 52 weeks on unemployment insurance

• Low interest rates on mortgages and loans for homes and businesses

Post 9/11 G.I. Bill:

• For veterans who served at least 90 days active duty after 9/11/2001

• Full tuition coverage on in-state, public schools; caps on private schooling

• Reimbursement for relocation related to school, along with housing payments for full-time students

• Reimbursement for charges related certifications/licenses

• Transferability to immediate family members (partner/children)

• https://www.va.gov/education/about-gi-bill-benefits/

• Intended to reduce the number of institutionalizations by providing mental health centers in local communities

• Promoted community care instead of hospitalized care, while still enforcing prevention

• Funded research for the causes and effects of intellectual disabilities

• https://cottonwooddetucson.com/community-mental-health-ac/#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20the%20CMHA,deinstitutionalization%20of%20patients%20was%20accelerated.

Banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, nationality, sex, and religion in:

• employment

• public accommodations

• federally funded programs

• voter registration

Began integration of public spaces such as schools, bathrooms, theaters, etc

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement

• Part of LBJ's Great Society

• Entitlement program

• Allows eligible households, particularly those in poverty, to obtain resources for food

• Used to use paper food coupons (as shown in above)

• Today, it uses electronic benefits transfer (EBT) cards

• https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program

• Enacted by LBJ

Four Parts:

1. Hospital insurance (in-patient care/ follow-ups)

2. Medical insurance (majority of doctor visits)

3. Medicare Advantage (specific types of doctors)

4. Prescription drug

Class powerpoint

• Signed by LBJ

• Established as a federal partnership with mating state requirement

• Largest medical program that provides mental health services

• Covers almost half of all births in the U.S.

Class powerpoint

• Forms of transportation

• Elder abuse support and prevention

• Access to caregivers

• Access to community related jobs/ volunteering

• Preventative health and wellness services

• Assistance to older Native Americans

  
  

  https://www.usaging.org/olderamericansact

  
  

• Agencies required to consider environmental impacts of proposed actions and give this information to the public

• Established the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ); which helps enforce NEPA and advises the president on environmental actions

• Created "Finding of No Significant Impact"; proposed actions found not to have a consequential environmental impact are given a (FONSI)

• Agency actions not issued a FONSI must create and environmental impact statement

https://www.epa.gov/nepa/what-national-environmental-policy-act

• Cash assistance program

• For older adults and disabled individuals that fall below the poverty line

Class powerpoint

• Food assistance vouchers for nutritional food items

• For low-income pregnant, postpartum mothers up to the child's fifth year of age

• Healthy assistance such as breast pumps

• Vouchers expire; "use it or lose it"

Class powerpoint

• Established nationally recognized definitions of child abuse and neglect

• Funding to states and agencies to prevent, investigate, and research causes and effects of child abuse

• Established the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect; and the Office on Child Abuse and Neglect

https://www.childwelfare.gov/resources/about-capta-legislative-history/#:~:text=CAPTA%20provides%20Federal%20funding%20to,for%20demonstration%20programs%20and%20projects.

Includes:

• The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)- grants to local governments

• Home-Ownership and Opportunity for People Everywhere Program (HOPE)- encourages first time home buyers and home ownership

• Homeowner Rehabilitation Program- helps homeowners rebuild and rehabilitate their homes, along with their communities

• HOME Investment Partnerships Program- federal funding and help to build affordable housing for low-income families

• Emergency Solutions Grant- federally funded relocation assistance

• Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP)- works to stabilize communities disproportionately affected by foreclosure

https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/social-problems-public-policy/housing-and-community-development-act

Standards for states to receive funding:

• Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders (DSO)- States cannot hold people involved in status crimes

• Adult Jail and Lockup Removal- States cannot hold juveniles in adult jails/prisons unless it is directly before or after a court hearing

• Sight and Sound Separation- Adults and minors must be separated in detention facilities

• Racial and Ethnic Disparities (RED)- efforts must be made to address the differences in treatment based on race within the juvenile justice system

https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/about

• Specifically guaranteed free appropriate public education (FAPE)

• Requirement of individualized education programs (IEDs)

• Encouraged least restrictive environments (LREs) to ensure the education received is not limited

• Requires accessibility measures and/or devices

• Families' right to due process should they believe their rights are being violated

https://www.gao.gov/products/113316#:~:text=Schools%20are%20required%20to%20evaluate,children%20as%20much%20as%20possible.

Provides tax credit and cash assistance to eligible low-income workers. Allows for refunds should one's tax credit exceed the amount of their tax liability

https://www.epi.org/publication/ib370-earned-income-tax-credit-and-the-child-tax-credit-history-purpose-goals-and-effectiveness/

• Involves tribal members in welfare cases involving their children

• If removal is needed, children are to be considered for placements with other family and/or tribe members or another native family before consideration to be placed in a non-native home.

• Established more rigid rules and standards of evidence for removal of native children than there were prior

https://www.nicwa.org/about-icwa/

Helps families with the adoption process, and improves child welfare services.

2 parts:

1. Adoption Assistance: Assistance to qualified families to help with costs associated with adopting and raising adopted children. Encourages families looking to adopt children to adopt.

2. Child Welfare Efforts: Promotes reasonably reuniting children with their families, prevents unnecessary removals, can provide social and mental health services to families (Adoption and Guardianship Assistance), and can provide tax credits for eligible adoption expenses.

https://www.childwelfare.gov/resources/adoption-assistance-and-child-welfare-act-1980-pl-96-272/

Includes:

• Homeless Eligibility Clarification Act: forced several social programs to not require permanent addresses and extended their access to homeless people

• Emergency Shelter Programs

• Traditional Housing Program: moves homeless families through different levels of housing until they reach independent living status

• Education for Homeless Children and Youth (EHCY): notes rights to free public education to homeless children, allows for easy enrollment, attendance, and thriving of homeless children in public schools regardless of housing challenges.

• Can extend the rights guaranteed under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)

“The McKinney–Vento Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program: Implications for Special Educators” written by Mickey Losinski

• Established the Office of National Drug Control Policy Policy (ONDCP): maintains the nation's policies and stances on drugs

• Funding for drug abuse support and prevention programs

• Promotes the use of rehabilitation

• Established minimum sentences for levels of drug related crimes

https://www.cjcj.org/media/import/documents/anti-drug_abuse_keyes_et.al.pdf

Including:

• Work-based discrimination on basis of ability, includes reasonable accommodation

• Public accommodations for accessibility and service animals; this includes public transportation

• Prohibits discrimination related to government assistance and services

https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/disability/ada#:~:text=The%20Americans%20with%20Disabilities%20Act,local%20government'%20programs%20and%20services.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216136/

Acceptable reasons:

• maternity and/or paternity leave

• adoption and/or foster care leave

• caring for yourself or a family member with serious health complications

https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/benefits-leave/fmla#:~:text=The%20Family%20and%20Medical%20Leave,be%20maintained%20during%20the%20leave.

Also includes:

• Five day waiting period for purchases of handguns in states that don't provide an alternative background check system

• Exceptions in the background checks should the purchaser provide evidence of a previous background check

https://www.atf.gov/rules-and-regulations/brady-law

Other important efforts:

• Funds safe houses

• Updated several times to include other groups such as the LGBTQ+ community in 2013

Class powerpoint

Provides assistance in several ways including:

• Food assistance

• Home energy assistance

• Child care assistance

• Vocational training

Class powerpoint

https://www.justice.gov/criminal/criminal-ceos/sex-offender-registration-and-notification-act-sorna

Other notes of importance:

• Defined the term "spouse" as a partner of the opposite sex

• Allowed states to refuse recognition of same-sex marriages

• Only allowed parental rights within same-sex couples to the biological parent

  
  

In 2013 DOMA was overturned under the Obama administration, now all 50 states recognize same-sex marriage.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Defense-of-Marriage-Act

• Traces money that funds terrorist groups

• Can place groups or people under hold for suspicion of potential terror acts; meaning constant surveillance, no communication, and exempts privacy rights

• Enables the government to gain information about particular groups or individuals without their permission or knowledge

• Can uncover several crimes including money laundering, fraud, illegal immigration, and terrorism

• Expanded law enforcement's ability to surveil communications

• Predominantly targeted Arab, Muslim, and Latino communities

https://www.britannica.com/topic/USA-PATRIOT-Act

• Funds education more than any other federal program

• Includes "Reading First" a program which encourages and strives to ensure all children are literate

• Guarantees states set english and math comprehension standards. Enforces these under "Adequate Yearly Progress" which grades institutions on how well their students preform within the curriculum.

• State regulated yearly assessments 3rd-8th grade, compares schools' scores to see which ones are in need of improvement. In Missouri, the assessment is known as Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) testing.

• Encourages research based teaching methods

• Promotes high quality K-12 educators

https://www.britannica.com/topic/No-Child-Left-Behind-Act

• Made sure all Americans had health insurance by the end of 2014, or fines were imposed

• Closed the "donut hole" (coverage gap) in Medicare, where up to a certain amount was covered, then those under the insurance had to pay until coverage was restored around $6,000

• Eliminated pre-existing conditions and charging extra for them

• Children can be on parents' insurance until the age of 26

• No more lifetime limits

Class powerpoint

Programs include but are not limited to:

• Economic Impact Payments (stimulus checks) of $1,200 to American citizens and $500 for each child in the family

• Payment Protection Program (PPP) gave loans for American business affected by the pandemic to keep running and stimulate the economy, provides possible loan forgiveness

• Unemployment Insurance Enhancements provided an extra $600 in federal unemployment benefits per week

https://www.investopedia.com/coronavirus-aid-relief-and-economic-security-cares-act-4800707#:~:text=Key%20Takeaways&text=It%20was%20the%20first%20program,payroll%20for%20affected%20small%20businesses.

Prior knowledge