I was truly touched and surprised by your thoughtful gift. It means so much to me, not just because of the gift itself, but because it shows how much thought, care, and appreciation you put into it. Teaching you has been an incredibly rewarding experience, and moments like this remind me why I love what I do.

Thank you for making my day so special and for being such an amazing group of students. I feel very fortunate to be part of your academic journey.

With heartfelt gratitude,

Dr. Aissani

"As this semester is about to end, I hope you take this vacation to relax, recharge, and enjoy time with your loved ones. Thank you for your hard work and dedication. Have a wonderful and fulfilling break!"

Please make time for revision, and good luck with the exams inch'Allah.

Dr. Aissani

    For inferential reading, you want to detect prejudice or bias. These concepts go further than the idea that most writers try to influence readers to accept their points of view. When writing is distorted by hatred or dislike of individuals, groups of people, or ideas, you as a critical reader want to suspect the accuracy and fairness of the material. Prejudice and bias can be worded in positive language, but critical readers are not deceived by such tactics. Similarly, writers can merely imply their prejudices and bias rather than state them outright.

For example, suppose you read,

“Poor people like living in crowded conditions because they’re used to such surroundings” or

“Women are so wonderfully nurturing that they can’t succeed in business.”

As a critical reader, you will immediately detect the prejudice and bias. Always, therefore, question material that rests on a weak foundation of discrimination and narrow-mindedness.

An important skill of critical reading is the ability to detect an author's bias and prejudice. The reason you need to be able to do this, of course, is that bias and prejudice may invalidate an author's claim.

There are several ways to detect an author's possible bias and prejudice, for example:

1.    the author uses inflammatory language: in the most extreme cases, racial epithets, slurs, etc.;

2.    the author consistently makes claims whose larger purpose is to elevate (or demean) one social, ethnic, national, religious, or gender group as compared to another, or all others;

3.    the author consciously presents evidence that serves to tell only one side of an event or issue, purposefully withholding or ignoring information that may shed the opposing view in a more positive light;

4.    The author manufactures, falsifies and/or dishonestly cites evidence in order to present his or her case in a more positive light.

Bias and prejudice may be the result of national pride and chauvinism or personal or professional rivalry; perhaps an author's bias and prejudice is a result of a specific agenda he or she wishes to support; or perhaps it simply reflects the author's ignorance and resulting ignorant worldview. When writing about history, our ability to detect and identify such bias and prejudice is a valuable and necessary skill.

Please note that bias and prejudice, although they may invalidate an author's claims, do not necessarily disqualify that author's work as a suitable subject for consideration. If you do include references to biased and prejudiced works, however, be sure to qualify your references by pointing to the works' underlying bias.

Note that even secondary sources written by reputable authors are not immune to bias and prejudice. Be sure to carefully examine any author's premise, argument, and methodology to ascertain whether he or she has consciously or unwittingly pursued the above strategies.

You are even more likely to encounter prejudice and bias in primary sources: newspaper editorials, political cartoons, and "private" sources such as letters, diaries, etc. are often blithely biased, as they are generally intended for a specific audience that is assumed to share the author's view.

Finally, beware of presenting biased or prejudiced views of your own, or manufacturing dishonest evidence. When writing, seek to avoid the pitfalls of the four negative strategies described above.

🌿 تقبل الله طاعتكم، وأدام عليكم نعمة الصحة والسعادة، وجعل أيامكم أعيادًا وأفراحًا لا تنتهي.

🕊️ في عيد الأضحى، أسأل الله أن يرزقكم سكينة القلب، وصفاء الروح، وسعادة لا تزول.

🌸 كل عام وأنتم في أتمّ صحة وعافية، وأقرب إلى الله قربًا يملأ قلوبكم نورًا وطمأنينة.

🕋 عيدكم مبارك، تقبل الله منكم صالح الأعمال، وجعل أضحيتكم شاهدًا على إخلاصكم وإيمانكم.