Croup by Nancy https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586 en-us 2019-11-14 18:15:15 UTC 2024-10-01 20:15:45 UTC hello@padlet.com Croup holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411388998 Croup or laryngotracheobronchitis is  a respiratory condition that is usually triggered by acute viral infection and obstruction of the upper airways (McCance and Heuter 2014).
Croup is a generic term applied to any condition producing inspiratory stridor.
Stridor- noise heard on breathing in when the trachea or larynx is obstructed. It tends to be louder and harsher than wheeze. (Martin and McFerran, 2008)

]]> 2019-11-14 18:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411388998 Croup illnesses can be divided into two categories: holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411390032 1. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis- inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Most commonly occurs in children from 6 months to 3 years of age, with incidence at 2 years of age. In 85% of cases is caused by a virus, most commonly parainfluenza, however, other viruses such as influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, adenovirus, and rubella virus (measles).

2. Spasmodic croup-characterised by similar hoarseness, barking cough, and stridor, sudden onset usually at night. It often resolves as quickly as it develops and usually occurs in older children
(McCance and Heuter 2014).
]]> 2019-11-14 18:18:55 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411390032 holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411392797 2019-11-14 18:22:48 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411392797 Symptoms & presentation holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411401396 Symptoms:
·         Inspiratory Stridor
·         Barking Cough
·         Harsh cry / Hoarseness
·         Severe – Tachypnoea 
·         Recession 
·         Cyanosis 
·         Restlessness
 
Infection begins in the upper respiratory tract and then slowly spreads down the tract (unlike cold, which stays in the upper respiratory tract). 

Swelling affects the area around the child’s larynx (voice box) and into the trachea.

Croup may be accompanied by stridor, a high-pitched sound usually heard when the child breathes in (inspiration).

Boys seem to be more affected than girls and occurs more often in the autumn and winter
]]> 2019-11-14 18:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411401396 holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411405619 2019-11-14 18:39:30 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411405619 Croup – management and treatment holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411450870 Mild croup is largely self-limiting, but treatment with a single dose of a corticosteroid by mouth may be of benefit (e.g. dexamethasone)
Keep child calm, comfort them if they're distressed (crying can make the symptoms worse)
Sit the child in upright to ease their breathing and maintain airway
Give them plenty of fluids -Warm, clear fluids can help loosen mucus and take pressure off her vocal cords.

More severe croup (or mild croup that might cause complications) may need hospital admission; a single dose of a corticosteroid (e.g. dexamethasone or prednisolone by mouth). In hospital, dexamethasone (by mouth or by injection) or budesonide (by nebulisation) will often reduce symptoms; helps open child’s airways, allowing easier breathing.

For severe croup not effectively controlled with corticosteroid treatment, nebulised adrenaline/epinephrine solution 1 in 1000 (1 mg/mL) should be given with close clinical monitoring; the effects of nebulised adrenaline/epinephrine last 2–3 hours and the child needs to be monitored carefully for recurrence of the obstruction.
Oxygen- children with low oxygen and significant respiratory distress.
IV fluids can be given if dehydrated
They can deteriorate quickly – may need intubation]]> 2019-11-14 19:36:33 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411450870 Pathophysiology holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411454588 Viral croup is cause primarily by subglottic oedema from the infection. The mucous membranes of the larynx are tightly adherent to the underlying cartilage, whereas those of the subglottic space are looser and thus allow accumulation of mucosal and submucosal oedema. The cricoid cartilage that is structurally the narrowest point of the airway are in critical condition due to oedema. The increase resistant in airflow leads to increased work of breathing, which generates more negative intrathoracic pressure, which in turn may exacerbate dynamic collapse of the upper airway.]]> 2019-11-14 19:41:53 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411454588 Group 3 Scenario holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411558544 Colin is 3 years old and is on your ward due to a croup episode. Describe the symptoms of croup and consider the anatomical differences between a child of 3 years and an adult’s upper airway. Discuss how you could communicate with him to prevent becoming more agitated.

]]> 2019-11-14 23:54:07 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411558544 Mode of transmission holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411564492
  • Very contagious
  • Spread from person to person
  • Usually from nasal secretions and from fingers of the affected person
  • Most contagious in the first 3 days after symptoms begin
  • Viruses can last up to 5 hours on the skin and hard surfaces.
    • ]]>     2019-11-15 00:19:43 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411564492     Developmental Stage and Interaction holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411569815 According to Piaget’s Pre-Operational Stage Two to seven years 

    •At three years they are unable to see things from someone else's point of view (do not have ‘theory of mind’). 

    •Piaget thought that pre-schoolers were unable to understand the world as they are intuitive and highly subjective. 

    •They fail to understand the underlying reality remains constant despite change in appearances (they ‘do not conserve’). 

    •Non-principled, non-logical thinking.

    Interaction
    • play imaginative games; for example, pretending a block is a phone
    • can talk about things that are not present 
    • take an interest in playing with words; for example, rhyming words
    • reading books-talk about the story and characters and make it exciting
    • singing, playing word games
    • play specialist can be included.
    ]]>     2019-11-15 00:38:56 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411569815     Referrences holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411573864 Martin, E. and McFerran, T. (2008) Dictionary of Nursing. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press

    McCance, KL, & Huether, SE 2014, Pathophysiology : The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, Elsevier, Saint Louis. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [14 November 2019]. 
    ]]>     2019-11-15 00:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/411573864     holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/413377722 https://youtu.be/-559Vvq4-fA]]> 2019-11-19 14:38:15 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/413377722 anatomical differences between a 3 years and an adult’s upper airway holdswon https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/413377913 2019-11-19 14:38:29 UTC https://padlet.com/holdswon/3jjqboqt6586/wish/413377913