→what makes a neighbourhood sustainable and unique?

recall: the concept of sustainable development 

→what it means to you

→what areas of sustainability are important? 

→give examples 

what is sustainable management of water resources? 

→natural rainforests

→mangrove swamps

sustainability means 

→maintain growth at certain level or rate that does not bring about depletion of the natural resources 

→development without compromising the ability of the survival of the future generations/ to meet their needs

what are cities? 

→defined as urban areas within a country (definition)

→large population size (characteristics)

→high population density (characteristics)

→extensive built-up area (characteristics)

→large/wide range of functions (characteristics)

large population size 

→largest population size compared to other locations in the country 

→different countries = different guidelines

→ minimum population size 

→ only 1 guideline required/ criteria to be a city

range of functions 

→ cities are areas which serves a variety or range of functions or activities 

→ functions basically means how they help the city to operate and sustain 

describe the location/ distribution of projected top most populated cities in 2030

term 1 week 2 

→most of the populated cities are found around the tropic of cancer/ the northern atmosphere

high population density (tb pg 7) 

→definition: number of people living in a unit area of land

→high population density - city/ urban area

→sparse population density - rural areas/ countryside 

population density calculation 

→no. of people living in an area ÷ land area (in square km) 

general rule of measurement 

→the smaller the size of the country with a higher the population - density of the population will always be high 

extensive built-up area

→definition : an area that is mostly covered by buildings and usually accompanied by extensive infrastructure

→system of buildings/ equipment that provides basic services 

large/ wide range of functions 

→cities are areas which serves a variety or range of functions or activities

→functions means how they help the city to operate and sustain 

→push factor

→pull factor 

push factors

→few services 

→lack of job opportunities 

→unhappy life

→poor transport links

→natural disasters

→wars

→shortage of food 

pull factors 

→access to different services

→better job opportunities 

→more entertainment facilities 

→better transport links

→improved living conditions

→hope of a better way of life

→family links

→education and employment (positive impact) 

→technological (positive impact)

→increased environmental pollution (negative impact) 

→completion for neutral resources (negative impact)

ranking/ spatial scale 

village→town→city→metropolis→mega cities

how do cities impact people and the environment? 

→opportunities (tb pg 13)

→issues/ challenges/ problems 

health risk from air pollution 

→stress to heart 

→stress to lungs 

→asthma 

→shortened life span 

→eye irritation 

→harm to blood 

who is more affected? 

→pregnant women 

→children under 14 years old

→outdoor workers 

→elderly 

→people with heart disease 

→people with lung disease 

how to protect yourself? 

→avoid smoking

→avoid exercising outdoors

→avoid high traffic roads

→work out in the morning

→management of physical environment (environmental management)

→management of hazards (environmental management)

→provide safe housing (improve quality of life) 

→providing a variety of transportation modes (improve quality of life) 

→considering the needs of different groups (improve quality of life) 

management of physical environment

→process of dealing with or controlling things or people 

→where individuals live, learn, work and play

→environmental footprints = effect that a person, company, activity, etc… has on environment 

reducing water pollution through water treatment ponds

→pollution occurs near agricultural areas where rainwater mixes with nutrients and flows into reservoirs 

→nutrients = chemicals used in fertilizers such as phosphorus, nitrate and sulfur. 

hazards

→critical damage 

human-induced 

→fire

→nuclear bomb 

→explosion 

→gas leaks 

→ignorance & complacency

what is land-use planning?

→process by which land is allocated between competing & conflicting uses

→to ensure rational & orderly development of land

→in environmentally safe ways

→to ensure sustainable cities and quality of life

why singaporeans uses land-use planning

→increasingly uncertain future 

→major shifts and disruptions due to industrialisation… etc…

public engagement acts as a catalyst for more ground up responses/participation, empowers the community,fostering a stronger sense of ownership.

improve quality of life

→a person’s well being

→some measures of quality of life includes

transportation modes

→ways in which people and goods move from one place to another

benefits

→more options for traveling 

→reduce congestion as more options 

→promote public transportation and reduce private car ownership 

→reduce pollution as more people takes public transport

informal housing
→self-built squatter settlements
→no legal right to occupy land 
→lack of access to basic services
→poor-quality building materials

→cities must cater to various age groups and abilities when designing and constructing city landscape

→meet needs of ageing population and disabilities population

the universal design

→to build a safe and accessible environment for everyone and people with disabilities

barrier free

→the modification of buildings and facilities such that they can be used by people who are disabled or have physical impairments