Manchester: The First Industrial City 1A by Elizabeth Welsh https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39 en-us 2022-12-21 12:12:52 UTC 2022-12-23 14:59:18 UTC hello@padlet.com John Dalton - Gabby Lawless https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426703670 •Manchester-based scientist who greatly advanced our understanding in multiple fields of research.
•formulated the Law of Partial Pressures, the pressure of a mixed gas is the sum of the pressures that each of its components would exert if occupying the same space. 
•Set the first table of atomic weights.
•Contributed to the development of the periodic table of the elements.
•Developed a theory to explain color vision deficiency  which he also suffered from. Where vitreous humour, acted as a filter to certain colors.
•documented sightings of the aurora borealis
•was a former teacher 





]]> 2022-12-21 13:55:45 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426703670 Priya shah -early car industry https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426749446
  • The transition from traveling on horses to engine as a mode of transportation is shown through Manchesters Cockshoot and Co.

    • The Rolls Royce company was always a luxury company that was expensive and could not be afforded by the working class. They started out in Manchester in 1904.

    • The Crossley Brothers Ltd. Was one of the first companies to start to industrialize with the engine and they had a certain type of skill to them that made their engines cutting edge at the time.

    • Although Manchester was not known for its car industry it was one the the biggest car manufactures in the world after the First World War.

    • Cars were very special to acquire in the early days. The wealthier people would use cars as a hobby for touring,racing, and tinkering. Owning a car was their pride. They would even be happy to repair their own cars if they broke down.

    • Even know we can look at the engines of cars and see the similarity in it from now to back then. The technology for it can be traced and evaluated to see how it was used.

    • A negative affect of the production of cars in Manchester is the horrid air pollution. People suffered from the dangerous air pollution which would be coming from the chimneys.

    • Cockshoot and Co. first started off by building horse drawn carriages and then from there on they started with cars. From the beginning the transportation was made for the wealthy.

    • The painting of a crest was painted on automobiles as a symbol. Even after cars became more affordable the middle-class and upper-class still used this to show their status.

    • There was a newspaper company that would always have a column dedicated towards vehicles labeled as ‘ Cycling Notes’.
    https://manchestermotoring.wordpress.com/

    ]]>     2022-12-21 14:51:25 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426749446     The tale of the Jacquard Loom https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426835975
  • The Jacquard loom was not patented by a British man but was patented by a french merchant and weaver, it was patented in 1804.
  • He revolutionized the way clothiers were stylized during that time period.
  • The developments of the Jacquard loom were improvements off of the work by Jacques de Vaucanson.
  • Jacques de Vaucanson worked with a loom as well and was able to make complex and highly detailed patterns.
  • Due to the discoveries by the Jacquard loom the highly wanted patterned cloth dropped in value.
  • Before the Jacquard loom’s invention they had to weave things through by hand with the help of a draw boy.
  • The thing that led to the success of the loom was the interchangeable cards to make the process more efficient.
  • The way it works:
    • The designer first paints the design onto a square paper. They then insert it into the loom, it translates it into a row of punch cards. For each painted square no hole is punched. Combined they equal the final product
    • Some people say that the Jacquard loom could be considered the ancestor to all computers due to its complex matrix system.

    Sources:
    https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/jacquard-loom
    https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/science-and-technology/jacquard-loom/
    ]]>     2022-12-21 16:44:51 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426835975     Aryan Srinivasan - The Great Liverpool Fire asriniv1 https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426893882
  • On May 23 1866 a warehouse fire in Manchester nearly completely ruined the buildings of Liverpool road
  • Liverpool road buildings were crucial and incredible buildings in the time of the industrial revolution
  • The Liverpool roads fire marked one of the first MAJOR problems of the industrial revolution, a fault after major success in areas of industry boostage
  • Cotton warehouses 1 and 2 coughs fire and received immediate attention after the superintendent of the manchesters chief station pointed it out for help, without his help the warehouses would be completely burned, and not here today as remains
  • Firemen could not prevent the lower areas of warehouse 1, so it got burned completely, however 16 water jets helped to keep the remains, until both buildings collapsed completely
  • Henry Clark was the only one injured, and nobody died, despite the size of the fire
  • Pigs who were underneath in the courtyard where the buildings were falling were rescued, all but one survived
  • In replacement, a bonded warehouse was created in 1869
    • Extra facts: 

    https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18740825.2.34&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-------- 
    • Buildings were worth a quarter of a million sterling
    • In 1877, WIlliam Cubitt tried to find ways to prevent more fires
    • Buildings were 500 feet in length and 180 feet in width, they weighed 2000 tons each

    ]]>     2022-12-21 18:03:27 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2426893882     Richard Arkwright- Haricharan Koppuri https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2427013262 -Invented the water frame that made it possible to spin cotton yard quick and mass produced it.
    -Attempts from Lewis Paul and John Wyatt to make a efficient spinning machine but failed.
    -Richard Arkwright kept a close eye on others efforts and their mistakes to make the perfect one.
    - Arkwright developed a successful hair cutting and wig making business before his interest in cotton spinning
    - Met John Kay in 1767 who helped him build machines and soon enough Arkwright developed his first prototype spinning machine.
    -He discovered the correct spacing for the rollers that drew out the cotton fiber and hung weights to grip the bottom rollers.
    -Build a factory system from his invention with his business partners in 1769 in Cromford, Derbyshire.
    Extra info-
    -Improved the existing carding machine and took out a patent for his improvement.
    -Used a water mill for a power source  for the spinning frame.
    -the spinning from frame was soon called the water frame when it became getting powered by water.

    https://study.com/academy/lesson/sir-richard-arkwright-inventions-biography-facts.html



    ]]>     2022-12-21 22:18:56 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2427013262     Boddingtons Breweries: Formation and Growth-Alexis Galkovskiy https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2427164604
  • Thomas Caister and Thomas Fray founded Strangeways brewery in 1788. They were grain merchants. 
  • This brewery was built outside of Manchester. This allowed them to not pay taxes to the Manchester Grammar School. 
  • A growth in industry and population led to a higher demand of beer. 
  • Henry Boddington got hired at the Brewery in 1832. By 1848, he became partner in the business. Not long after, he became sole proprietor with his 3 sons working with him. 
  • 1870-1880 was a period of evolution and expansion for the company. By 1877, the brewery had become the largest in Manchester. The brewery owned 71 public houses and could brew 100,000 barrels a year. 
  • It was the first business in Manchester to install phone links.
  • December, 1940, the brewery was struck and damaged by an air raid. They had to stop brewing beer for 7 months. 
  • The beer style that the brewery is mainly known for is Boddington Bitter.
  • The logo of the company has bees in it to represent it being “the hive of industry.”
  • Was the highest selling canned bitter beer from 1992-2000. 
    • https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/gned1478/chapter/boddingtons/
    ]]>     2022-12-22 03:23:48 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2427164604     Water and Sanitation System - Philip Schiavone pschiavo https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2428034257
  • Only 11,000 houses out of 47,000 had water pipes in 1847.
  • Up to 30 families shared a privy midden to go to the bathroom. It was rudimentary and sometimes went into water supplies. They were also rarely cleaned.
  • Privy Middens were done away with and pail closets were created.
  • Pail Closets were cleaned and waste was turned into manure.
  • Sewers flowed directly into rivers and early on were pretty ineffective. Factories also discharged their waste directly into rivers. (as seen in the attached image)
  • In the mid 1800s, clay sewer pipes rose to prominence although it was not much more effective.
  • The Water system improved later on with plumbed toilets and aqueducts.
  • Later on Manchester would have the first inter basin domestic water transfer system within the United Kingdom.
  • Many families had to collect rain water as the water supply was never enough.
  • In the 1890s, the Manchester Corporation had constructed a series of  sewers that carried waste away for treatment to a new sewage works in Davyhulme. In 1890, the Manchester Corporation decided that all new residential building would be built with indoor plumbing. Two years later, they offered to refit all old homes with indoor plumbing.

    Sources:
    https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/water-and-sanitation
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921800902000290


    • ]]>     2022-12-23 14:59:18 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethwelsh2/3inw9dm2p3zvwm39/wish/2428034257