-The pillars of Ṣalāh include standing (if able), opening takbīr, reciting al-Fātiḥah, bowing, prostrating twice, sitting between and after prostrations, sending blessings on the Prophet ﷺ, and ending with taslīm.

-While traveling, you may shorten (qaṣr) or combine (jamʿ) prayers. Voluntary prayers (nawāfil) can be performed anytime. If ill, prayer can be done sitting or lying down, using head or eye movements if necessary.

• Acquisition of ḥikmah (positive values)

from ʿibādah

- Setting the right niyyah (intention)

- Applying the right amal (practices)

- Internalising the ihsan(positive virtues)

-Keeps us on the right path

-Builds discipline

-Reminds us Allah constantly

-Stops us from bad behaviour

*Surah Al-Ankabut (29:45) “Indeed, prayer keeps one from immorality and wrongdoing”

2) SAWM (FASTING)

-Build self control

-Teaches patience and empathy

-Purifies heart and body

-Strengthens taqwa (God conciousness)

*Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183) “Fasting is prescribed… so you may become rightous.”

3) ZAKAH (CHARITY)

-Cleans the heart and wealth

-Reduces selfishness and greed

-Helps the poor and strengthens community bonds

-Purifies wealth

*Surah At-Tawbah (9:103) “Take from their wealth a charity to purify them and increase them…”

4) HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE)

-Teaches unity and taqwa

-Unites Muslims from around the world

-Trains and sacrifice

-A spiritual reset for life

*Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197) “And take provisions, but the best provision is taqwa…"

Name : MUHAMMAD AQIB BHAIS BIN SUKRI

Matric No : 243131

Facilitator : AHMAD NAQUIB BIN SYAHMUN

Group 102

I am from Pasir Gudang, Johor. Currently, studying in Physical Science at CFS. I am Mahallah Aisyah resident.

Fasting (Ṣawm) helps build Ṣabr (patience) by teaching us to control ourselves and wait without giving in to hunger or thirst. It also teaches Takrīm (respect) by reminding us to be humble and kind to ourselves and others. Feeling hungry during the fast makes us feel Raḥmah (compassion), helping us understand and care for people who are poor or in need. These virtues make us better people, strengthen our character, and bring us closer to God and to each other.

-Literal meaning: Growth, increase, cleanliness, and betterment.

-Technical meaning: A determined share of wealth prescribed by God to be distributed among deserving categories.

-Differentiates from tax systems: Zakāh promotes spiritual purification and social responsibility.

Zakah

-It is compulsory act of Ibadah

-It is a formal and structured ritual in Islam

-Allah SWT specified its recipients, amounts, time and method of payment.

-Its consist of two types which are zakah al-fitr and zakah al-mal.

Sadaqah

-It is recommended act of Ibadah

-It is neither a formal nor a structured ritual in Islam

-Allah SWT did not specify its recipients, amounts, time and method of payment.

-It is inclusive of all acts of giving and donation such as zakah, infaq and waqf.

The Significance of Zakāh

Mentioned alongside Ṣalāh in the Quran over 30 times. Example: "Take, [O Muḥammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase." (Al-Tawbah, 9:103)

The Virtues of Zakāh :

-Tawakkul (Reliance on Allah)

-Training Muslims to rely on Allah SWT rather than material wealth.

-Assurance that Allah will replace what is given for His sake.

Conclusion

-Zakāh is not just a financial obligation but a spiritual and social act of worship.

-It fosters reliance on Allah (Tawakkul) and strengthens brotherhood (Ukhūwwah).

Ḥajj vs. ʿUmrah

1. Ḥajj is an obligatory act of worship for every adult Muslim who is physically and financially able to perform it, while ʿUmrah is recommended (Sunnah Mu’akkadah) but not mandatory.

2. Ḥajj can only be performed during a specific time of the Islamic year—between the 8th and 13th of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, whereas ʿUmrah can be performed at any time throughout the year.

3. The rituals of ʿUmrah include entering the state of iḥrām, performing ṭawāf (circling the Kaʿbah), saʿī (walking between Ṣafā and Marwah), and cutting or shaving the hair. Ḥajj includes all of these, plus additional rituals such as standing at ʿArafāt, staying in Muzdalifah, performing the stoning of the Jamarāt, and offering an animal sacrifice.

4. Ḥajj takes several days to complete (about 5–6 days), while ʿUmrah can be completed within a few hours.

5. Spiritually, Ḥajj is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, making it one of the most significant acts in a Muslim’s life, while ʿUmrah, though highly meritorious, does not hold the same obligatory status.

6. Performing Ḥajj once in a lifetime is a religious duty, whereas ʿUmrah is a voluntary act of devotion that can be performed multiple times.

7. Women performing either Ḥajj or ʿUmrah should be accompanied by a maḥram (a male guardian), as per traditional Islamic guidelines.

Virtues :

Al-Taḍḥiyyah (Sacrifice) means giving up something for the sake of Allah. During Ḥajj and ʿUmrah, pilgrims sacrifice their money, time, and comfort. They travel far, walk a lot, and leave their homes and families. They wear simple clothes (iḥrām) to show that everyone is equal and humble. This reminds them of Prophet Ibrāhīm, who was ready to sacrifice his son for Allah.

Taqwā (God-consciousness) means being aware of Allah in everything we do. In Ḥajj and ʿUmrah, pilgrims try not to argue, fight, or do anything wrong. They say special prayers and focus on worship. Wearing the same clothes helps them remember that all people are the same before Allah. These actions help build a strong connection with Allah and make the person more mindful and obedient in daily life.