https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x María Paz García, Liz Pedraos, Alejandra Ramos, Alejandra Ruiz en-us 2020-02-15 15:43:24 UTC 2025-04-24 22:18:59 UTC hello@padlet.com maria_ruiz9 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/445996316

Organization of regional meetings of Latin American and Latin American environmental historians who contributed to academic exchange in the Caribbean region (UNAL.2016).

National Environmental Forum for the purpose of exploring the situation and perspectives of environmental management in Latin America  (Germán I. Andrade,et al.2008).

Decree 061 was issued, adopting the Integrated Environmental Management Plan for the Capital District. This Decree sets out programmes, projects and goals, based on the environmental situation of the company, supported by universities (Maria Teresa Holguin Aguirre.2017).

With Resolution 1045 from September 26, 2003, the Ministry of Environment, Housing, and Territorial Development (MAVDT, successor to the Ministry of Environment) established the obligation for all municipalities in the country to have a plan for integrated solid waste management (PGIR) with an initial assessment, future projections, and a viable financing plan for continuous improvement of services, including an evaluation of the results  (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Estreling Lara assessed a sample of 13 voluntary clean production agreements, including both sectoral and multisectoral agreements, as well as agreements at the national and regional levels. This evaluation of a voluntary clean production through Review of the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Environmental Policies in Colombia assigning rankings of "zero" (on a scale from zero to 100) all components related to incentives and financial resources, and monitoring and evaluation.  Similarly, when assessing agreements in the electricity sector (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

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It incorporates waste disposal methods used in different municipalities, the scope of waste management programmes in different cars, the extent and nature of waste recycling and the results of visits to certain CARs in December 2004 (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Salamanca (2004) highlights the lack of regulation in the management of solid wastes and the lack of institutional planning and coordination among governmental entities. For example, zoning rules set out in land-use plans  (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

A study reveals that air pollution in Colombia is responsible for approximately 6,000 premature deaths and 7,400 new cases of bronchitis each year, including children and adults due to high concentrations of fine particles of 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10) (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Basic management options implement economic incentives in air quality in the country such as tax exemptions on VAT for environmental investments, the price of motor fuels; so the current plans provide for the phasing out of fuel subsidies by 2006. In addition, economic incentives for the use of alternative fuels in vehicles are actively studied (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

According to Resolution 1565, issued December 27, 2004, by MAVDT and the Ministry of Mining and Energy, the maximum allowable content of sulfur for all fuels used in Colombia is scheduled to drop to 500 ppm starting on July 1, 2008, looking to reduce emissions and fuel use compared to 2002. (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Additionally, as part of the Transmileno system, a 20% local surtax on gasoline has been introduced. Half of the revenue, mostly paid by private vehicles, is used to support TransMilenio, and the other half supports road maintenance and related activities (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

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Projects such as the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) are being implemented to reorient education policies, practices and investments towards sustainability (Maria Teresa Holguin Aguirre.2017).

The CONPES is created for environmental purposes and its applications in environmental engineering (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

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Latin America advances in the formal creation of the Latin American and Caribbean Society of Environmental History (SOLCHA) (SOLCHA) (UNAL.2016)

From the participation of the universities in the CIDEA and the strategies proposed in the PNEA, where the case of the Institutions of Basic Education, Middle School and Preschool Environmental Projects - PRAE, in the Universities begins to talk about University Environmental Projects - PRAU (Maria Teresa Holguin Aguirre.2017 ).

A World Bank study, 2006, on the state of the environment and environmental management in Colombia, has recommended that the country give higher priority to combating air pollution in large urban centres, by virtue of the consequences it is having for the health of its population (The World Bank, 2006 ).

Creation of the Faculty of Environmental Engineering of the Universidad Santo Tomás Colombia (USTA,2015)

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In Colombia, different universities began offering for the first time doctoral programs in the area of environmental knowledge (AMBIENTAL, 2007).

Ahmedabad statement: a call to action. Where more than 97 countries were involved during the fourth International Conference on Environmental Education sponsored by UNESCO, UNEP and the Government of India (Education, 2007).

Paris Conference on Global Environmental Governance "Citizens of the Land": where more than 40 countries attended on the occasion of the UN panel of experts on climate change launched a call to create a "true international organization" on the environment (España, 2007) .

The intergovernmental panel report on climate change in 2007 states that global climate models predict that the greenhouse effect anthropogenic will cause an increase in the average temperature of the planet (relative to 1990) of between 1.1° C and 6.4° C by 2099 (Mihelcic & Zimmerman, 2012).

According to the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ecosystem resilience will be exceeded by an unprecedented combination of climate change, resulting in global consequences of pollution, over-exploitation of resources, among other (IPCC, 2007).

In the European Union, ozone exposure is estimated to cause more than 20,000 premature deaths a year (Mihelcic & Zimmerman, 2012).

World Bank estimates that the consequences of air pollution for China are 400,000 to 450,000 premature deaths each year (Banco Mundial, 2007).

The Alliance of Ibero-American Networks of Universities for Sustainability and the Environment (ARIUSA) was established in the city of Bogotá, within the framework of the Fourth International Seminar University and Environment (Franci Álvarez, Zeceda Ortega, Serna Mendosa, & Hernández García , 2019).

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The UN Conference for the Protection of Nature opens this conference launches a call for some 5,000 delegates from the international community to avoid the destruction of the planet’s biodiversity (Ivan, 2016).

In 2008 the Interdisciplinary Program of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) on sustainable energies was created, with the purpose of discussing and analyzing the future of the energy sector in Argentina and developing recommendations based rationally and can be considered in plans or future development projects in the country (Franci Álvarez, Zeceda Ortega, Serna Mendosa, & Hernández García, 2019).

According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the Planet is heading towards an ecological credit crisis caused by increased demand for natural capital by humanity. This demand has already exceeded Earth's supply capacity by 30 percent (WWF, 2008).

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The UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009 was a disappointment. This event, which represented a good opportunity to agree on global measures in the face of global warming, concluded with few results. A new treaty was not signed to replace the Kyoto Protocol that expires in 2012 (Garcia Acuña, 2010). 

The UN calls for changing the "lifestyle" to avoid an environmental catastrophe and declares 22 April Mother Earth Day, the director of the UN, stressed that the proclamation invites States, the United Nations and the rest of the intergovernmental system to observe this date every year to raise awareness of the challenges to preserve the planet  (ONU, 2009).

Sergio Arboleda University makes an agreement with the Natura Foundation in order to compensate for the impacts of its greenhouse gases on the environment, reducing and compensating for its carbon footprint through the planting of trees   (Franci Álvarez, Zeceda Ortega, Serna Mendosa, & Hernández García, 2019).

The National University of La Plata (Argentina) has the E-garbage program, formed by a group of teachers, students and graduates, protecting the environment through the reuse and revaluation of electrical and electronic devices (Franci Álvarez, Zeceda Ortega, Serna Mendosa, & Hernández García, 2019).

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The Tayrona National Park in Santa Marta, Colombia, decided to ban the use of plastics within this reserve zone, prohibiting the use of water bags or disposables, pitillos, packs of treats among other plastic materials within this reserve area because these they usually contain lead in its composition. (Universidad de Magdalena, 2010)

The Environmental Engineering Program of the Universidad Manuela Beltrán will hold the Diploma in Municipal Environmental and Public Services Management (Potable Water and Sanitation) as a response from the Academy to support local and regional authorities, among other actors, in compliance with the different standards issued by the National Government  (UMB, 2010).

Realization of the first Ibero-American Conference of the Alliance of Ibero-American Networks of Universities for Sustainability and the Environment (ARIUSA), between March 18 and 19, 2010, on the campus of the National University of the Northeast (UNNE), in the city of Currents (Argentina)(Franci Álvarez, Zeceda Ortega, Serna Mendosa, & Hernández García, 2019).

The Environmental Network of Sustainable Universities (RAUS) was created in 2010, on the initiative of the Institute of Environmental Studies and Services of The Sergio Arboleda University, with the aim of linking different universities in research, to bring ahead of environmental work (Franci Álvarez, Zeceda Ortega, Serna Mendosa, & Hernández García, 2019).

In Colombia, the Environmental Network of Sustainable Universities (RAUS), is a network of institutions of higher education, they come to contribute their expertise in environmental issues (RAUS, 2010).

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The first reform to the State takes place, the functions of Environment and Housing were separated again in two portfolios, moment from which it was called Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.  (EL ESPECTADOR, 2014)

In Colombia, The National Environmental Licensing Authority (ANLA) is created. (BAQUERO, s.f)

The Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries was held to adopt new measures and strategies for the sustainable development of the least developed countries. (United Nations Department of Public Information, 2011)

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The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio + 20 aims to achieve a renewed political commitment to sustainable development, evaluate progress to date and the weapons affected in the implementation of the results of the main Summits on sustainable development, and addressing new and emerging challenges. (ECODES, s.f)

The deputies presented a bill on domestic and industrial waste, protection of the seas from hydrocarbon pollution. Pending its implementation are other bills on Antarctica. (UTADEO, 2012)

It was agreed to extend the "life" of the protocol and leave a kind of legal vacuum during 2012 that Russia can use to change its position. Russian environmentalists and businessmen insist on the "return to Kyoto", given that the refusal to complete the second period of the Treaty closes access to the carbon market to Russians. (UTADEO, 2012)

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The United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) seeks to promote the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests and strengthen the long-term political commitment to this end. (CANCILLERÍA DE COLOMBIA, 2018)

The 6th working session of the Open Working Group on the Sustainable Development Goals focused on the means for its implementation (science and technology, knowledge and capacity building). (ONU-DAES, 2013)

World Congress of Water Operators Associations brought together utilities, water operators, donors, institutions and stakeholders to exchange experiences, advance knowledge and initiate action to promote partnerships between water operators. (ONU-DAES, 2013)

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The United Nations Conference on Climate Change is based on assessing progress in the fight against climate change, different UN agencies and programs participate with water-related activities. (ONU-DAES, 2014)

Symposium of the UNESCO-IHE Institute on UV disinfection in developing countries covers the basic principles of UV disinfection, its applications, commercial solutions, research and the future potential of this technology. Academics, manufacturers and experts will participate in a round table on the future role of UV technology in meeting the needs of drinking water in developing countries. (ONU-DAES, 2014)

International Day on Tools for the Improvement of Water for Consumption and International Strategic Meeting on how to improve access to water, sanitation and hygiene in facilities and health centers: This international day addressed a whole series of tools to improve water quality for human consumption, including information systems, water safety plans and standards and guidelines for the quality of drinking water. The main objective was to share knowledge and experiences between countries and international organizations (ONU-DAES, 2014)

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United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development in New York to formally adopt an ambitious new sustainable development agenda.The 2015 summit is a historic and unprecedented opportunity for countries and the citizens of the world to jointly decide on the paths they must take to improve people's lives (OMS, 2015). 

Ecodixel creation of a device called biodixel that allows a carbon footprint analysis can set the amount of CO2  and the contamination of a company in given time (UTADEO, 2015). 

Computers to educate and mitigate the impact of ICT on the environment aimed to renew more than twelve thousand components that have already exceeded their lifespan (CENARE, 2015)

Creation of the Faculty of Environmental Engineering of the Universidad Santo Tomás Tunja (USTA,2015).

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Global sustainable transport conference, Ashgabat, Turkmenistán. The Conference addressed all modes of transport (road, rail..) and accorded priority attention to the concerns of developing countries, particularly those of Africa, LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS (ONU,2016). 

The last UN World Climate Summit (COP 22) was held in Morocco, approved an agenda to combat climate change (ONU, 2016).

Telework carry out work activities from a place other than the office and in this way protects the ozone layer and decreases the carbon footprint caused by the emission of vehicle gases (Ecoavant, 2016).

Decree 298: establishing the organization and operation of the National Climate Change System and dictating other provisions (Decreto 0298, 2016).

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EURO I, II, III, IV, V: Various advances in engine development gas emission and fuel improvement. EURO (European Environmental Regulation) focuses on the evolution of engines to reduce atmospheric emissi ons produced by vehicles (PUCP, 2017)

Green Business: Economic activities that take into account goods or service that generate positive environmental impacts and also incorporate good environmental, social and economic practices contributing to environmental conservation (MINAMBIENTE, 2017)

Decree 20870: establishing payment for environmental services and other incentives for conservation (Decreto 20870, 2017).

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First WHO Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health in Geneva, Switzerland. The Conference responds to the Mandate of the Health Assembly to fight one of the most important causes of premature death in the world (OMS, 2018).

President Vizcarra enacted the law regulating plastic in a single use in Peru. The aim of the law is to reduce the impact generated by waste from these products in fragile areas such as the sea, rivers and forests to "contribute" to the realization of the right that every person has to enjoy a balanced environment and appropriate to the development of his life" (SPDA,2018).

The Ministry of Mines and Energy launched a decree that allowed the entry of renewable energies in Colombia (minienergía, 2018).

Decree 1090: adding Decree 1076 of 2015 Single Decree Regulatory of the Environment Sector and Sustainable Development in relation to the Program for the Efficient Use and Saving of Water and other provision (Decreto 1090, 2018).

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UN Climate Change Conference, COP 25, crucial measures to curb climate change. The conference is designed for the world to take crucial action as part of the UN-led process to curb climate change. After reaching consensus on the guidelines for implementing the Paris Agreement at COP24 (ONU, 2019).

Colombian environmental summit: solutions to our country's conflicts and environmental problems (UCENTRAL, 2019).

On the shores of the Tota lagoon the governor of Boyaca Carlos Amaya, signed the Decree by which it is forbidden "the use of non-biodegradable single-use plastic and expanded polystyrene in the procurement processes that are carried out by the Boyaca Governorate (Gobernación de Boyacá, 2019).

Environmental Engineering becomes a program capable of being acquired by virtual means. (UNAD)

Mexico proposes a national vision towards a sustainable management: zero waste, in order to transform the traditional scheme of waste management into a circular economy model, for the rational use of natural resources and to promote sustainable development in the country (Naturales, 2019).

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1965: Creation of Environmental Engineering at Notre Dame (Germán García, 2007).

1962: Publication of the book "Silent Spring" its author Rachel Carson warns of the prejudicial effects of pesticides on the environment and blames the growing pollution to the chemical industry (Glynn & Heinke, 1999).

1970: Introduction of Environmental Engineering to the Universidad de los Andes and Colombia. Environmental engineering covered aspects such as the origin of life and the universe, our solar system and its vital zone, the thermonuclear reactions of the sun and their effect on life on the planet, the biophysical structure of the earth, the evolution of species and in particular of human beings (Germán García, 2007).

1971: First National Environment Forum is held
(Germán García, 2007).

1972: Conducting the United Nations Conference on the Environment in Stockholm, whose purpose is to make the environment a matter of relevance globally (Glynn & Heinke, 1999).

1983: The environmental area was strengthened with the incorporation of more teachers and the increase in the number of courses offered, covering increasingly specialized aspects. Among the new teachers were Alvaro Orozco (Germán García, 2007).

1987: The UN Global Commission for Environment and Development published the report "Our Common Future" which lists the definition of sustained development  (Glynn & Heinke, 1999).

1989: Other universities nationwide create Environmental Engineering program (Germán García, 2007).

1992: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, known as the "Earth Summit": The international fact was recognized that environmental protection and natural resource management must be integrated (Glynn & Heinke, 1999).

1993: Creation of the Ministry of the Environment and the National Environmental System (SINA) (Germán García, 2007).

1995: The University of the Andes considers it important to strengthen its incursion into the environmental field by developing a specialization program called "Integrated Management of the Environment" (Germán García, 2007).

1999: The University of the Andes approved the undergraduate degree in Environmental Engineering, which initiated activities within the new Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Germán García, 2007).

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In reports by the Office of the Comptroller and the SIAC, as well as in a document prepared by Peña Villamil (2003), limited documentation and data management and limited modelling capabilities are impediments to improving environmental management in all media in Colombia. Despite these limitations, 17 of Colombia’s cities and industrial corridors have some kind of air quality monitoring network  (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

The University of the Andes, CEDE (2004) indicates that the 2,372 permitted installations self-report their emissions annually. DAMA randomly selects a group of 70 audit facilities. In 2003, these installations had a 63% compliance rate with national air emission standards (Decree 2-1982) and a 41% compliance rate with the highest local standards (Resolution 391-2001) (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

“Day without My Car” is a program which excludes private vehicles (not including buses and cabs) from using city streets. There have been four days without cars in the 2001–2003 period. (Allen Blackman, et al.2006)

A general consensus according to the Office of the Comptroller General that many of Colombia’s watersheds are severely polluted, affirms that the Bogota River is known to be one of the most polluted rivers in the world (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Decree 3100 of 2003 regulates penalties for water discharges. It replaces Decree 901 of 1997. The main differences between the two decrees are Article 6 of Decree 3100, on collection of previous information; Article 11, on adjustment of reduction objectives; and Articles 15 and 16, on the change in the value of the regional factor and the penalty (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

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One study (Brugman 2004) evaluated the reduction in emissions associated with mass transportation systems in Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, and Pereira. According to Brugman, these systems are expected to reduce the emissions of PM10, NOx, and SOx, caused by mobile sources by an estimated 4.2%, 2.6%, and 0.9%, respectively, in 2005 and by 6.5%, 5.9%, and 1.6%, respectively, in 2020 (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Masami reports there are about 70 air quality monitoring stations in Colombia. Most of them track TSP; only a few monitor PM10; none regularly monitor PM2.5. There are no nationwide specifications for monitoring equipment or operating procedures  (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

It reflects an undesirable effect, magnified by recent regulatory changes that reduce subsidies for water services and allow users to charge fees that allow them to fully recover costs. In other words, they impose a fee to cover the environmental impacts of the water resource.(Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

Environmental guides are drafted for sectors where licensing is mandatory, and also for sectors where licensing is not required, such as livestock production. In addition, there is no system for continuously updating these guides (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

To knowledge, in the past 25 years, only three national erosion maps have been constructed: IDEAM (2004), IGAC (1988), and IGAC (2000). The IDEAM (2004b) soil map considers land degradation caused by erosion, mass removal, and sedimentation. It uses a six-category scale to measure erosion: “very severe,” “severe,” “moderate,” “mild,” “very mild,” and “without” erosion (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

According to IDEAM (2004), approximately 10% of the national territory suffers from “high” or “moderate” levels of salinity—that is, levels that can affect crops and rangeland. Problem areas are basically located in the Caribbean region (Atlántico, Bolivar, Cesar, Cordoba, Guajira Magdalena, and Sucre) (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

 Larsen estimates the mean annual costs of soil degradation (erosion and salinization) due to lost crop productivity at 1,440 billion Colombian pesos. Larsen attributes 60% of annual costs of soil degradation (805 billion to 965 billion pesos) to erosion and the remaining 40% (505 billion to 605 billion pesos) to salinization (Allen Blackman, et al.2006).

]]> 2020-02-17 21:50:05 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446532975 maria_ruiz9 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446544589 2020-02-17 22:44:25 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446544589 maria_ruiz9 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446544616 2020-02-17 22:44:33 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446544616 maria_ruiz9 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446544647 2020-02-17 22:44:42 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446544647 maria_ruiz9 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446551563 2020-02-17 23:21:19 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446551563 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446587791 2020-02-18 01:54:06 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446587791 jeimy_parra https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446592593 2020-02-18 02:12:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446592593 jeimy_parra https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446593096 2020-02-18 02:14:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446593096 jeimy_parra https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446593190 2020-02-18 02:14:55 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446593190 jeimy_parra https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446599056 2020-02-18 02:34:47 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446599056 maria_ruiz9 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446600439 2020-02-18 02:39:57 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446600439 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446603862 2020-02-18 02:54:17 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446603862 jeimy_parra https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446608661 2020-02-18 03:13:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446608661 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446611583 2020-02-18 03:24:36 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446611583 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446622297 2020-02-18 04:05:18 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446622297 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446627778 2020-02-18 04:29:50 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446627778 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446854488 2020-02-18 15:19:05 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446854488 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446874228 2020-02-18 15:42:10 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446874228 https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446924186 2020-02-18 16:44:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/446924186 andreadaza https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/686197280

Global sustainable transport conference, Ashgabat, Turkmenistán. The Conference addressed all modes of transport (road, rail..) and accorded priority attention to the concerns of developing countries, particularly those of Africa, LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS (ONU,2016). 

The last UN World Climate Summit (COP 22) was held in Morocco, approved an agenda to combat climate change (ONU, 2016).

Telework carry out work activities from a place other than the office and in this way protects the ozone layer and decreases the carbon footprint caused by the emission of vehicle gases (Ecoavant, 2016).

Decree 298: establishing the organization and operation of the National Climate Change System and dictating other provisions (Decreto 0298, 2016).

]]> 2020-08-18 23:24:26 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/686197280 andreadaza https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/686197288

Global sustainable transport conference, Ashgabat, Turkmenistán. The Conference addressed all modes of transport (road, rail..) and accorded priority attention to the concerns of developing countries, particularly those of Africa, LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS (ONU,2016). 

The last UN World Climate Summit (COP 22) was held in Morocco, approved an agenda to combat climate change (ONU, 2016).

Telework carry out work activities from a place other than the office and in this way protects the ozone layer and decreases the carbon footprint caused by the emission of vehicle gases (Ecoavant, 2016).

Decree 298: establishing the organization and operation of the National Climate Change System and dictating other provisions (Decreto 0298, 2016).

]]> 2020-08-18 23:24:27 UTC https://padlet.com/maria_ruiz9/3hr85ib7a89x/wish/686197288