Chapter 7: Physical & Chemical Methods of Control by John Campetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc en-us 2021-07-14 11:10:20 UTC 2021-07-14 22:12:05 UTC hello@padlet.com jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649326574 1. Differentiate among sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, degermination, sanitization, and pasteurization and explain their practical uses

]]> 2021-07-14 11:11:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649326574 jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649327094 2. Define microbial death and describe its significance in microbial control]]> 2021-07-14 11:12:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649327094 jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649327301 3.   Define the terms microbicidal and microbiostatic]]> 2021-07-14 11:13:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649327301 jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649327549 4. Compare and contrast the methods used to measure the effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics]]> 2021-07-14 11:13:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649327549 Jot down 4-5 important facts from the video: jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649328589 2021-07-14 11:15:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649328589 Quizlet: jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649329266 2021-07-14 11:16:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649329266 Practice Quiz: jcampetella https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649329780 2021-07-14 11:16:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649329780 Prince https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649886616 Sterilization
When all forms of microbial life, including endospores and prions, are eliminated

Disinfection
Destruction of vegetative microbes via chemical or physical methods.

Antisepsis
The process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.

Degemination
The mechanical removing of most of the microbes in a limited area.

Sanitization
Reduction of microbes in significant numbers to prevent 
infection, disease, and transmission of infection and 
disease.

Pasteurization
Is using heat to kill vegetative bacteria and reducing  their 
numbers or eliminates dangerous pathogens enough to prevent foodborne diseases and food spoilage.
]]> 2021-07-14 21:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649886616 Trish https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649886973 All of these things help control microbial growth. Sterilization is achieved by applying heat, pressure, chemicals, irradiation or filtration to kill microorganisms. Extreme heat is the most common method to kill microorganisms. 
Disinfection does not destroy bacterial endospores and can be achieved by chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, boiling water or steam. Disinfection destroys vegetative microorganisms.
Antisepsis is the destruction of pathogens on living tissue.
Degermination is the removal of microbes from a limited area such as the skin being prepared for an injection.
Sanitization is a process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels, minimizing the chances of disease transmission between users such as glassware and other tableware in restaurants.
Pasteurization is using heat to kill vegetative bacteria and reducing the number of microorganisms that have the potential to spoil food.]]> 2021-07-14 21:30:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649886973 mbange https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649887030 Microbial death ]]> 2021-07-14 21:30:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649887030 Shekira https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649887230 Sterilization occurs when all forms of microbial life including the most resistant forms are eliminated. Disinfection is the destruction of vegetative microorganisms via chemical or physical methods.
Degermination is the mechanical removing of most of the microbes in a limited area. Samitization is process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels. Pasteurization using heat to kill vegatative bacteria.]]> 2021-07-14 21:31:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649887230 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649887535 Sterilization kills all microbial life

]]> 2021-07-14 21:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649887535 Herica https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888187 Sanitizing removes bacterial from surfaces
Disinfecting kills harmful bacteria and viruses from surfaces
Sterilizing kills all microorganisms from surfaces 
Pasteurization kills of harmful bacteria or other disease-causing pathogens using heat. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:32:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888187 Tijuana https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888447 Antisepsis- destruction of pathogens on living tissue
Disinfection- destruction of vegetative pathogens
Sanitization- treatment to reduce microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to achieve safe public health levels.
Sterilization- the complete destruction of all forms of microbial life, including endospores and prions.
Pasteurization-using heat to kill vegetative bacteria and reducing the number or microorganisms

]]> 2021-07-14 21:33:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888447 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888687 Disinfection does not kill all bacrterial endospores but will destroy vegetative microorganisms]]> 2021-07-14 21:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888687 Krishna https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888754 Sterilization occurs when all forms of microbial life- including the most resistant forms, the bacterial endospores and prions are eliminated. Disinfection is the destruction of vegetative microorganisms via chemical or physical methods. Sanitization is a process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels, minimizing the chances of disease transmission between users. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:33:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888754 Mbange https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888928 2021-07-14 21:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649888928 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649889640 Degermination is mechanical removal of most microbes in a limited area -cleaning the skin before an injection]]> 2021-07-14 21:35:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649889640 Desiree https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649889928 Sterilization kills microbes 
Disinfection eliminates pathogenic microorganisms
Pasturateurization is partial sterilzation of products; milk/wine
Degermination is the mechanical removal of microbes fromm animate to inanimate surface
Asepsis is the absence of bacteria


]]> 2021-07-14 21:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649889928 Ingrid https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649890237 Sterilization destroys all microorganisms
Disinfection process that eliminates many microorganism
antisepsis is the process using antiseptics to eliminate microorganisms
Degemination is the mechanical process of most microbes from animate or inanimate objects
sanitation- disposal of human excreta and sewage
Pasteurization is the process of the use of heat to eliminate pathogens in foods



 ]]> 2021-07-14 21:36:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649890237 Shekira https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649890342 Microbial death is the permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes as well as the permanent loss of all other vital activities.]]> 2021-07-14 21:36:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649890342 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649890578 2021-07-14 21:37:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649890578 Trish https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891177 Microbial death is the permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes as well as permanent loss of other vital activities. If an organism is not given optimal growth conditions, microbial death will occur.]]> 2021-07-14 21:38:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891177 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891289 Term can only be used if reproduction cannot occur even if the organism has optimal growth conditions.]]> 2021-07-14 21:38:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891289 Herica https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891457 Microbial death is a permanent loss of reproductive abilities under ideal environmental conditions. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891457 Krishna https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891889 Microbial death is the permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes, as well as the permanent loss of all other vital activities. Microbial control requires many considerations to find the most appropriate method to achieve the desired control in a given environment. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:39:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649891889 Tijuana https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649892295 Microbial death is defined as the proportion of organisms killed each minute when control methods are applied; helps significantly in learning the amount of time any antimicrobial agent takes to kill any proportion of microorganism ]]> 2021-07-14 21:40:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649892295 Herica https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649893015 Microbicidal- an agent that kills microscopic organisms 

Microbiostatic- inhibits the growth or multiplication of microbiota]]> 2021-07-14 21:41:36 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649893015 Trish https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649893649 Microbicidal is an agent that is designed to kill microbes. They can be further subgrouped into bactericidal agents that kill bacteria, fungicidal agents that lead to fungal death and virucides that inactivate viruses.
Microbiostatic is microbial growth that has been inhibited and prevents further bacterial growth and fungistatic agents inhibit fungal growth.]]> 2021-07-14 21:42:43 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649893649 Prince https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649893954 Use-dilution test
Bioassay for testing effectiveness of disinfectant.
Phenol coefficient test—in the past

Disk-diffusion test
Filter paper disk impregnated with a chemical disinfectant or antiseptic.
Placed on agar plate
Zone of inhibition
]]> 2021-07-14 21:43:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649893954 Sierra https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894089 The loss of reproductive abilities and activities that make reproduction possible

]]> 2021-07-14 21:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894089 Desiree https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894213 Microbia death is a permenant loss of reproductive ability under certain environment conditions

]]> 2021-07-14 21:43:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894213 Tijuana https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894527 Antimicrobials that kill microbes are called microbicidal; those that merely inhibit the growth are called microbiostatic ]]> 2021-07-14 21:44:16 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894527 Prince https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894681 Microbicidal agent 
(that kill bacteria)
Agent designed to destroy microbes. 
Examples:
Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal.

Microbiostatic
(Inhibition of microbial growth) 
Microbial growth is at standstill.
Examples: Bacteriostatic, fungistatic.
]]> 2021-07-14 21:44:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894681 Paula https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894967 Disifectants or antiseptics efficiency can be determined by the use -dilution test and or the disk diffusion method,

]]> 2021-07-14 21:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649894967 Trish https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649895114 Efficiency of a particular disinfectant or antiseptic can be determined by the use-dilution test and/or the disk-diffusion method. Use-dilution test involves placing a set concentration of test organisms  on stainless steel cylinders and then dried, places in tubes  of the test disinfectant for a preset period. The cylinders are then placed in growth tubes where the agent is chemically neutralized and any surviving organisms will be allowed to grow. 
Disk-diffusion method involves a filter paper disk impregnated with a chemical disinfectant or antiseptic and placed on an agar plate on which a bacterial culture has been spread-plated. The chemical will diffuse from the disk into the agar. Microbes on the agar will not grow in the area around the disk if the organism is susceptible to the chemical.]]> 2021-07-14 21:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649895114 Ingrid https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649895196 Microbial death is the process of pathogenic death due to an unfavorable environment that prevents multiplication and causes death. Microbial death is important in order to regulate pathogens. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:45:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649895196 Krishna https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649895548 Microbicidal describes an agent that is designed to destroy microbes. 
Microbiostatic indicates that microbial growth has been inhibited. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649895548 Paula https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896286 in  dilution test place a set concentration on a  stainless steel cylinders then dry.  Then add the test disinfectant if after some time turbidity is present the agent did not kill all the test organisms.


]]> 2021-07-14 21:47:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896286 jamilah https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896327 microbial death is used when reproduction can not occur. ]]> 2021-07-14 21:47:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896327 Tijuana https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896367 Phenol coefficient-researchers have evaluated the efficacy of various disinfectants and antiseptics by calculating ratio that compares a given ability to control microbes
Use-dilution test- current standard has been argued that it is neither accurate, reliable , nor relevant 
Kelsey Sykes-standard for alternative assessment, used to determine the capacity of a given chemical to inhibit bacterial growth ]]> 2021-07-14 21:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896367 mbange https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896414 Microbicidal refers to agents that destroy microbes while microbes are microscopic organisms which may either be in a colony or single celled form.]]> 2021-07-14 21:48:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649896414 Shekira https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649897139 Microbicidal is an agent that kills microscopic organisms.
Microbiostatic is a filter. It inhibits the growth or muliplication of microbiota.]]> 2021-07-14 21:49:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649897139 Ingrid https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649897592 Microbicidal is an agent that destroys microbes.
Microbiostatic- inhibits microbial gowth]]> 2021-07-14 21:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649897592 jamilah https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649898040 microbiostatic indicates the inhibitation of microbial growth]]> 2021-07-14 21:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649898040 Prince https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649898176 Microbial death
Permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes.]]> 2021-07-14 21:51:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649898176 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649898247 use-dilution test is a bioassay for testing effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics on microorganisisms. disk-diffusion method is filter paper impregnated with chemical disinfectant and antiseptic on a agar plate with a bacterial culture]]> 2021-07-14 21:51:16 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649898247 Tijuana https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649900609 Moist heat is more effective then dry heat.
Pasteurization is not a sterilization it was developed just for food not to be spoiled 
Irradiation is a form of sterilization that kills microbes but it does decrease the shelf life of certain foods ]]> 2021-07-14 21:55:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649900609 Sierra https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649901059 microbiocidal kills microbes microbiostatic inhibits growth]]> 2021-07-14 21:56:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649901059 Desiree https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649901597 Microbicidal is a agent that kills microbes
Microbiostatic inhibits microbe growth]]> 2021-07-14 21:57:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649901597 Lori https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649902133 Pasteurization is not a sterilization techniques - was used to prevent food from spoiling. An autoclave uses steam under pressure to to destroy microorganisims. Moist heat is more effective than dry heat.]]> 2021-07-14 21:58:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649902133 Prince https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649903012 Some ways of removing microorganisms include: sterilization, disinfection, sanitation, and antisepsis]]> 2021-07-14 22:00:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649903012 Sierra https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649903195 Dilution test test the effectiveness of disinfectant

Disk diffusion contrast between antiseptic and chemical disinfectant\

]]> 2021-07-14 22:00:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649903195 Krishna https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649904326 Pasteurization is a method by which heat is applied to liquids to kill potential pathogens, as well as microbes.]]> 2021-07-14 22:02:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649904326 Sierra https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649905880 Sterilization kills all viable organisms including endospores

Microbes can survive freezing conditions

The larger the population the higher the temperature you will need 

Filtration avoids heat for sensitive liquids. 

There are 3 different filters for filter sterilization: Depth filter, membrane filter, nucleopore membranes

 ]]> 2021-07-14 22:06:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649905880 Paula https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649905892 In the disk method the bacteria is spread in a agar plate. then the antimicrobial compounds are place on the plate and incubated for 24 hours then clear zones around the compound show the compound works]]> 2021-07-14 22:06:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jcampetella/3hp8h7a26ghw1ilc/wish/1649905892