• habitat is the living organism' "home"  (where it lives)

• the living organism's habitat provides everything it needs in order to survive

• each living organism has a different habitat

• including many different habitats

• Against a wall: Vines
• In a shady place: Lucky bamboo
• In a wet place: Lotus
• In a dry place: Cactus
• Under something: Carrot

• Source of nutrition (food_light)
• Water
• Space
• Air

• Rocks can be strong (e.g granite)
• Rocks can be soft (e.g white chalk)
• Rocks can be made into shapes (e.g marble)
• Rocks can be waterproof (e.g slate)

• Quarries: Where we dig rocks at the Earth's surface. Sometimes we use explosives to break rocks into pieces. Types of rocks we get from the quarries: limestone, marble, slate, and sandstone.
• Deep mines: Where we dig up rocks under the ground. People use spades and other tools to dig up rocks in deep mines. Types of rocks we get from the deep mines: coal, marble, salt.
• River beds: Where we dig stones. We use spades and big diggers to dip up stones. Types of stones we get from the river beds: sand, gravel, and pebbles.
• This is a very dangerous job
• It damages the environment

• Stones=small rocks
• Using water can sort small stones out of large and heavy stones

• Bad things: Throw litter into the beach; cut down trees; industry factories;...
• Good things: Put the litter in the right place; pick up litter; plant trees;....

• A push is a force away from you
• A pull is a force towards you

• Forces can make things move and stop
• There are small forces and big forces
• Elastic can stretches

• To go faster -> push on the pedals
• To go slower -> pull on the brạkes

• Going faster = speeding up
• Going slower = slowing down
• Speed = how fast you are moving

When sth speeds up or slows down, it is because of a force

• There are many natural materials
• Come from the world around us
• E.g Wood, sand, rock, water, rubber, oil,...

• Made by people
• E.g Paper is made from wood, glass is made from sand, plastic is made from oil,...

• Rock is rigid, but rubber can be flexible
• Water cannot get through plastic, so plastic is waterproof
• Water soaks into most fabric, most fabric is absorbent
• Metal is strong and dull
• Wood is rough, while glass is smooth

• The properties of materials tell us what the materials is like.
• The properties of materials are also called the characteristics
• Materials have many different characteristics

• Glass is good for a window because it is transparent (transparent=can see-through)
• Wood is hard and strong, we can make wood into chairs and tables
• Plastic is waterproof and comes in many colors, we can make plastic into cups and bottles
• Metal is strong and can be sharp, we make metal into knives, forks and spoons

• We can try to bend materials to find out if they are flexible
• We can test fabrics to find out if they are waterproof or absorbent

• difference: the giraffe has a longer neck
• same: both have 4 legs, a tail, and fur

• Fur is similar to hair. Animals that have hair or fur are called mammals. People are a special kind of mammals, we are called humans.
• Birds look different to mammals. They do not have fur or hair, they have feathers. A bird looks different to a human in many other ways. A bird looks similar to a human because they both have 2 legs. 

• All animals make babies, the babies are called the animal's young. The young changes as they grow older. This is called growth. When they are fully grown, we called the animal adults.
• The young of many animals look similar to the adults, but the young of some animals look different from the adults. 

• A young elephant/cow/whale=a calf
• A young bird=a chick
• A young bear/wolf/lion/tiger=a cub

• All animals get some of their characteristics from their parents, we says that animals inherit characteristics from their parents
• Animals look similar to their parents, but they don't look the same, we says they are not identical. This is because the animals inherit some characteristics from 1 parent and some from the other parent

• Every tiger has a different pattern of stripes
• Every person has a different pattern in their fingerprints, your fingerprints are not the same as your parents' fingerprints, but they are similar (identical twins look the same because they inherit the same characteristics from their parents, including gens) 

• Food that is good for us=healthy food
• The food we eat=diet

• When we feel sick or have a headache, we say we are ill or we have an illness
• Germs are living things that are too small to see, some germs make us ill. This happens when the germs can inside us and our body cannot kill them.

• Wash your hands after going to the toilet
• Wash your hands before eating
• Do not eat dirty food or drink dirty water

• Keep our bodies healthy
• When we use our muscles to move our bodies
• It makes our muscles stronger
• We should do it every day
• *Your heart is also a muscle
• Make us sweat--> we need to wash after exercising to keep clean

• Eating a healthy diet
• Calcium is a material that helps to make teeth strong. Milk and other dairy food, some beans, and some fish have calcium in them. Food with lots of sugar is bad for teeth.
• Brush your teeth twice every day, for 2 minutes to keep your teeth clean
• Use toothpaste with fluoride in it, fluoride helps to make your teeth strong, do not use too much toothpaste
• Go to the dentist twice a year

Humans have 3 main types of teeth. Teeth have roots to fix them to your gum

Children have 20 baby teeth. As you grow older, these teeth fall out because larger adult teeth are growing in your gum. Adults have 32 teeth.

• Makes light
• Can be flames, electric lights, TVs, and computer screens
• The light from a light source shines onto things which we can then see
• At night, street lights give us light; In the daytime, we get most of our light from the sun

• Some materials reflect light, they do not make their own light, they reflect light from a light source (e.g the moon reflects light from the sun)

• Some people work underground: they have bright lights so they can see, they have clothes which reflect light so they can be seen
• Some people work at night: they also need bright lights and clothes which reflect light

• Our nearest star is the Sun
• It is very bright and hot
• During the hours of daylight, the Sun gives us light
• It is a huge light source
• The Sun looks as though it is moving across the sky

• The Sun appears to move across the sky in the daytime, but in fact, it does not move. The Earth is moving around the Sun and spinning around its own axis every day, that's why it looks like the Sun is moving but it's not.

• The sun moves from east to west
• Sundial=a device used to track time by marking a shadow on its surface as the sun moves

• Is made in a power station
• Travels along the wires, high in the air, so that we are safe
• The wires take the electricity to all the places 

• Is a source of electricity
• Used to power electrical appliances that people carry around

• Electrical appliances have on/off switches
• Some switch can be pressed, some slide and some can be rocked

1. Children should not touch mains appliances, wires or plugs
2. Children should not touch mains wall sockets
3. Keep water away from electrical appliances
4. Keep dirt away from electrical appliances
5. Keep away from damaged wire and damaged electrical appliances
6. Do not open or burn electrical cells

• Electrical moves through the metal parts of the wires
• The metal should be cover by plastic. The plastic is to protect you
• Never touch damaged wires, they could give an electric shock

• Never stick anything into an electric wall socket. The metal part inside could give you an electric shock.
• Mains electricity can move through water. Never touch anything that use mains electricity with wet hands.
• Electricity can move through dust and dirt. Keep dust or dirt away from wall socket and mains electricity. Never touch dirty or damaged electrical things.
• Broken cells can burn your skin and hurt you eyes. Never put a cell in a fire, never touch an open cell.