Pharmacology Unit 2 by Ashlianne Bokor https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu Made with a focused mind! en-us 2021-04-11 20:29:25 UTC 2026-01-24 21:10:45 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9e0.png Division 1 of the Autonomic Nervous System ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404907445 Sympathetic Nervous System aka Adrenergic]]> 2021-04-11 20:34:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404907445 Division 2 of the Autonomic Nervous System ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404911685 Parasympathetic Nervous System aka Cholinergic]]> 2021-04-11 20:37:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404911685 SNS Neurotransmitters and their Release Locations ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404915869
  • Acetylcholine (ACH): ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings
  • Norepinephrine (NE): postganglionic nerve endings, adrenal medulla
  • Epinephrine (EPI): adrenal medulla
  • Dopamine (DA): formed as a precursor in the synthesis of norepinephrine in peripheral adrenergic nerve endings
    • ]]>     2021-04-11 20:41:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404915869     PNS Neurotransmitters and their Release Locations ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404923965
  • Acetylcholine (ACH): ganglia, postganglionic nerve endings

    • ]]>     2021-04-11 20:47:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1404923965     SNS Receptors and their Locations ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405003360
  • Alpha-1: glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries and veins
  • Alpha-2: adrenergic nerve ending
  • Beta-1: heart
  • Beta-2: bronchiolar smooth muscle, uterus, coronary and skeletal muscle arteries
    • ]]>     2021-04-11 21:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405003360     PNS Receptors and their Locations ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405004106
  • Muscarinic: cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings 
  • Nicotinic 1 (Nn): ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area) 
  • Nicotinic 2 (Nm): somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle 
    • ]]>     2021-04-11 21:51:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405004106     What happens when SNS neurotransmitters are stimulated? ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405013691
  • Arteries: vasoconstriction (except coronary and skeletal muscle arteries, which are dilated)
  • Heart: increased heart rate and AV conduction
  • Intestines: GI motility and secretions decreased
  • Pupil of the eye: dilation (mydriasis)
  • Lower respiratory passages: bronchodilation
  • Urinary bladder: relaxation
  • Urinary sphincter: contraction
    • ]]>     2021-04-11 21:59:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405013691     What happens when PNS neurotransmitters are stimulated? ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405027147
  • Heart: decreases heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility
  • Intestines: GI motility and secretions increased
  • Pupil of the eye: constriction (miosis)
  • Lower respiratory passages: bronchoconstriction
  • Urinary bladder: contraction
  • Urinary sphincter: relaxation
    • ]]>     2021-04-11 22:09:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405027147     SNS Drug Classifications and their Drug Examples ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405042909 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    MOA:
    • alpha-1 receptor is stimulated
    • contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases blood pressure
    • vasoconstriction of nasal passages = decongestant effect
    Drugs:
    • ephedrine
    • phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
    Adrenergic Agonists
    MOA:
    • Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors
    • Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases blood pressure
    • Cardiac stimulant
    • Bronchodilator
    Drugs:
    • epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
    Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
    MOA:
    • binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
    • relaxation of smooth muscle
    • vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases blood pressure
    • relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow
    Drugs:
    • prazosin (Minipress®)
    • terazosin (Hytrin®)
    • doxazosin (Cardura®)
    Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    MOA:
    • Low dose: stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
    • Moderate dose: stimulates beta-1 receptors causing heart to increase force of contraction and cardiac output
    • High dose: stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction and increase in blood pressure
    Drugs:
    • dobutamine
    Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
    MOA:
    • stimulates beta-2 receptors
    • relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs = bronchodilation
    • relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus
    Drugs:
    • albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
    • terbutaline (Brethine®)
    • formoterol (Foradil®)
    • salmeterol (Serevent®)
    Selective Beta-1 Blockers
    MOA:
    • beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI)
    • decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output
    • decreases heart rate (negative chronotropic)
    • decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
    • decrease in cardiac output also decreases blood pressure
    Drugs:
    • atenolol (Tenormin®)
    • metoprolol (Lopressor®)
    Non-selective Beta Blockers
    MOA:
    • block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
    • decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output
    • decreases heart rate (negative chronotropic)
    • decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
    • decrease in cardiac output also decreases blood pressure
    • can cause bronchoconstriction
    Drugs:
    • nadolol (Corgard®)
    • propanolol (Inderal®)
    • timolol (Blocadren®)
    ]]>     2021-04-11 22:21:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405042909     PNS Drug Classifications and their Drug Examples ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405043421 Direct–Acting Cholinergic Agonists 
    MOA: 
    • directly stimulates/binds to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division
    • mimics ACH
    • can more specifically lead to:
      • pupil constriction
      • decrease in the amount of fluid in the eye
      • decrease in intraocular pressure
      • stimulation of muscarinic receptors of bladder and GI tract
    Drugs: 
    • acetylcholine
    • pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
    • bethanechol (Urecholine®)
    Indirect–Acting Cholinergic Agonists 
    MOA: 
    • inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse 
    • increases ACH 
    Drugs: 
    • neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
    Anticholinergics
    MOA: 
    • binds to a cholinergic receptor 
    • acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism 
    • can more specifically lead to:
      • increase in heart rate
      • decrease in vagus nerve activity (parasympathetic)
      • decrease in GI secretions and motility
      • mydriasis
      • bronchodilation
    Drugs:
    • atropine
    • dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
    • ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)
    ]]>     2021-04-11 22:22:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405043421     Sources ashliannedb https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405311035 I used the course PowerPoints and textbook for all of my information.
    • U2 ANS Part 1.pptx
    • U2 ANS Part 2.pptx
    • Pharmacology: An Introduction
      • Henry Hitner, Ph.D.
      • Barbara Nagle, Ph.D.
    ]]>     2021-04-12 01:13:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ashliannedb/3gizs38mi6aja0iu/wish/1405311035