Identity Timeline by Alijah Clarke _ Student - SouthGarnerHS https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk en-us 2023-03-15 16:05:45 UTC 2023-05-24 16:25:21 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f31a.png Founding of Islam - 610 AD ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2518112245 - Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the teachings of Muhammad. 
- Muhammad is believed to have received his first revelation in 610.  
- Muhammad and his followers spread his message throughout Mecca. 
- The leaders of Mecca disagreed with his faith in allah(god). 
- The leader forced Muhammad and his followers to emigrate north to the town Medina in year 622.
- In Medina, Muhammad continued to attract followers and, within a few years, Mecca had also largely embraced Islam.
- Muhammad died in 632, his followers continued to spread the message of Islam.
- Today Islam is most practiced in Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India.]]> 2023-03-15 17:10:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2518112245 Spanish Reconquista - 722 AD ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2518113204 - In medieval Spain and Portugal, a series of military campaigns By Christian kingdom waged from 718 - 1492.
- The goal was to reclaim Iberian territories which were lost due to Muslim conquests.
- ]]> 2023-03-15 17:11:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2518113204 The First Crusade - August 15, 1096 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519240270 - The First Crusade was the first of a series of religious wars organized by western European Christians.
- It was supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
- The purpose was to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Islamic/Muslim rule.
- The First Crusade was successful in that Jerusalem was recaptured, but to ensure the Holy City stayed in Christian hands, various western settlements were established into the Levant.
- The crusades affected the region along the eastern Mediterranean shores, roughly corresponding to modern-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, certain adjacent areas, and France, England, Flanders, and Lorraine.  ]]> 2023-03-16 11:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519240270 Spanish Inquisition - 1478 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519244426 - Spanish Inquisition, was established by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
- Its  purpose was to combat heresy in Spain.
-  The inquisitors gathered and punished anyone who wasn't christian(Jews, Muslims, any other group in Spain territories).
- Queen Isabella II ended the Spanish Inquisition July 15, 1834.
_Spain missed the Enlightenment due to there dependence on churches. ]]> 2023-03-16 11:34:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519244426 Sykes-Picot Treaty - May 16, 1916 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519247697 - A secret agreement reached during WW1 between British, French, and Russian governments seeing to dividing the Ottoman Empire among Allied Powers. 
- In 1916 the UK, France, Russia and Italy met in secret and began planning for the split of the Ottoman Empire. 
- The Ottoman Empire contained all or parts of Turkey, Russia, The Ukraine, Greece, Italy, Hungary, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Romania, Jordan, and many more.
- The main interest of Europeans was the control of Middle
 Eastern resources.

]]> 2023-03-16 11:37:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519247697 Treaty of Versailles Ends WWI - June 28, 1919 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519248240 -Treaty of Versailles, peace document signed at the end of WW1 by the Allied powers and by Germany in Versailles Palace. 
- The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties.
- European Allies forced Germany to surrender around 10% of its territory and all of its overseas possessions.
- The Treaty of Versailles outlined the conditions of peace between Germany and the victorious Allies, led by the United States, France, and the United Kingdom.
- The treaty also helped fuel the start of WW2. ]]> 2023-03-16 11:37:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519248240 Hitler Appointed Chancellor - January 30, 1933 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519249635 - Hitler rose to power through the Nazi Party, an organization he forged after returning from WW1.
- Economic distress and seething resentment of the treaty of Versaille within Germany fueled the rise of Adolf Hitler.
- Adolf Hitler Was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933 following a series of electoral victories by the Nazi Party.
- He ruled as an absolute dictator.
- Hitler abandoned the nation’s democratic ways and turned Germany into a war state. 

]]> 2023-03-16 11:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519249635 The Holocaust Begins - January 30, 1933 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519250283 - The mass genocide of European Jews in WW2 is what we call the Holocaust. 
- The Holocaust casue was that the Nazi's wanted to exerminate the Jews and they had the power to.
- Jews in Europe have been discriminated against and persecuted for hundreds of years. 
- The Holocaust began in Germany in the 1930s and later expanded to all areas of Nazi-occupied Europe.]]> 2023-03-16 11:39:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519250283 D-Day Invasion of Normandy - June 6, 1944 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519251065 - The D-Day operation , brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest invasion force in human history.
- The operation, given the codename OVERLORD
- The invasion took place on the 5 beaches of Normandy nicknamed UTAH, OMAHA, GOLD, JUNO, and SWORD.

]]> 2023-03-16 11:39:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519251065 Creation of Israel - May 14, 1948 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519251851 - After the Holocaust Jews desired freedom.
- Jews believed they needed their own country. Only through political power could they ensure they were never attacked for their beliefs again.
- To many Jew immigration to Palestine, so the government created 2 states Jewish and Palestinian. 
- Palestine and Jews tension grew as the more Jews refugees came.
- On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel.


]]> 2023-03-16 11:40:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519251851 Apartheid Ends - early 1990's ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519253135 - The Apartheid in South Africa was the racial segregation under the all-white government.
- Inside South Africa, riots, boycotts, and protests by black South Africans against white.
- The international community had begun to take notice of the brutality of the Apartheid. 
- The U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act in 1986, many large multinational companies withdrew from South Africa.
- The South African economy was struggling with the effects of the internal and external boycotts
-Due to the internal unrest South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha resigned.
- In April 1994, Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa's first black president.]]> 2023-03-16 11:41:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519253135 Bosnian Civil War begins - April 6, 1992 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519253633 - Bosnian War, ethnically rooted war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former republic of Yugoslavia.
- The war involved 3 Bonsian groups (Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats) as well as the Yugoslav army. 
- The main cause of the war was the dissolution of the Yugoslavian state, the authoritarian government, economic crisis, and strong social cleavages.

]]> 2023-03-16 11:42:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519253633 Sources ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519278561 - https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/isla/hd_isla.htm
- https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconquista
- https://www.worldhistory.org/First_Crusade/
-https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Spanish_Inquisition
- https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-sykes-picot-agreement-1916
- https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles-1
- https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/how-did-adolf-hitler-happen#:~:text=Hitler%20rose%20to%20power%20through,Allies%20compelled%20the%20new%20German
- https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/what-is-the-holocaust/
- https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/d-day-allies-invade-europe
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reaL6tgDUXw
- https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/pcw/98678.htm
- https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-War
- https://www.history.com/topics/pre-history/neolithic-revolution]]> 2023-03-16 12:02:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2519278561 The Neolithic Revolution Begins - 10,000 BC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2567286195 - The Neolithic Revolutions was the first major agriculture revolution that led to farming and settling. 
- Farming allowed for the development of villages, then towns, then cities because a few people could feed them. 
- The first place the Neolithic Revolution believed to begin was in the Fertile Crescent, a boomerang-shaped region of the Middle East.
- There is no set cause that began the Neolithic Revolution, cause it varied region to region. 

]]> 2023-04-25 13:51:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2567286195 Invention of Gunpowder - 142 AD ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2567293145
  • Gunpowder was invented by Chinese Taoist alchemists
    about 1000 A.D. in aquest to find an immortality elixir by mixing elemental sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter.
  •  it was invented during the late Tang dynasty, while the earliest recorded chemical formula for gunpowder dates to the Song dynasty.
  • Knowledge of gunpowder spread rapidly throughout Asia and Europe being implemented in siege warfare, leading to the development of early types of rockets, cannons, bombs, and mines.
    • ]]>     2023-04-25 13:56:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2567293145     The Industrial Revolution Begins - 1760 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571773427
  • The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.
  • The industrial revolution has no defined start date. It's argued by scholars to have span between 1760 and 1840. 
  • The Industrial Revolution was a period of a worldwide transition from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy where products were no longer made solely by hand but by machines.
  •  It first started in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States then became a global revolution. 
  • The first three industrial revolutions that transformed our modern society were: the steam engine, the age of science and mass production, and the rise of digital technology. With each advancement the world around us fundamentally changed.
    • ]]>     2023-04-28 13:06:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571773427     Invention of Plastic - 1862 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571776720
  • It was in 1862 that Alexander Parkes introduced the world’s first-ever man-made plastic, using organic compounds, at the London International Exhibition.
  • In 1907 Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite, the first fully synthetic plastic, meaning it contained no molecules found in nature. 
  • Leo Baekeland invention of Bakelite marked the beginning of modern plastic industry. 
  • Plastic began to be mass-produced after World War II and then again during the 1960's and 1970's
  • Damaged countries craved plastics to replace traditional materials because they are cheap, versatile, sanitary, and easy to manufacture into a variety of forms.
  • The Soviet Union, China, US, Belgium, German, Japan, Poland. 
    • ]]>     2023-04-28 13:09:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571776720     Columbus “discovers” the Americas - 1492 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571777865
  • The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain.
  • His landing dates were in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. 
  • The purpose for his journeys so he was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did.
  • Kis journey was funded by the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.
  • His voyages had s three ships: the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Mariat
  • 1492 the ships made landfall. But not in Asia as Columbus believed, but on one of the Bahamian islands, likely San Salvador. He wrote a journal describing his discoveries.  
  • 1493, Columbus returned to the Americas. He found the Hispaniola settlement destroyed and left his brothers Bartolomeo and Diego Columbus behind to rebuild.
  • 1498, Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic again. He visited Trinidad and the South American mainland before returning to the ill-fated Hispaniola settlement, when he returned a revolt by the natives. Christopher was arrested by spain for human right violation.  
  • 1502, most of his serious charges were cleared but stripped of his noble titles. The old Columbus persuaded the Spanish crown to pay for one last voyage. This time, Columbus made it all the way to Panama—just miles from the Pacific Ocean. But return empty handed, after losing 2 of his 4 ships.
    • ]]>     2023-04-28 13:10:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571777865     The Syrian Civil War begins - March 15, 2011 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571778470
  • In March 2011, pro-democracy demonstrations erupted in the southern city of Deraa, inspired by uprisings in neighbouring countries against repressive rulers.
  • It said 143,350 civilian deaths were individually documented by various sources with detailed information, and that a further 163,537 deaths were estimated to have occurred using statistical techniques.
  •  At least 27,126 of those estimated to have been killed were children.
  • In addition to the bloodshed, more than half of Syria's pre-war population of 22 million have had to flee their homes.
  • The government has regained control of Syria's biggest cities, but large parts of the country are still held by rebels, jihadists and the Kurdish-led SDF.
  • The ongoing conflict in Syria is widely described as a series of overlapping proxy wars between the regional and world powers, primarily between the US and Russia as well as between Iran and Saudi Arabia.
    • ]]>     2023-04-28 13:11:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571778470     First person to walk on the Moon - July 20, 1969 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571780054
  • The US's accomplishment was driven due to the "Space Race". 
  • The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the USSR, to achieve superior spaceflight capability.
  • After 1957 when USSR sent the first human to space John F. Kennedy wanted to land humans on the moon. 
  • In 1961, The United States had just started trying to put people in space with the help of NASA.
  • Apollo 11 blasted off on July 16, 1969. Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins were the astronauts on Apollo 11.
  • Four days later, Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong took steps on the moon.

    • ]]>     2023-04-28 13:12:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571780054     The Green Revolution Begins - mid 20th century ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571797243
  • Green Revolution, also known as the Third Agricultural Revolution.
  • These changes in agriculture began in developed countries after World War II and spread globally till the late 1980s.
  • The Green Revolution was a period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields and agricultural production. 
  • In addition to Mexico, Pakistan, India, and the Philippines, countries benefiting from the Green Revolution included Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Malaya, Morocco, Thailand, Tunisia, and Turkey.

    • ]]>     2023-04-28 13:25:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2571797243     Sources ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2582017172
  • https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/forums/Chinese%20Inventions.pdf
  • https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus#the-first-voyage
  • https://www.plasticsindustry.org/history-plastics#:~:text=It%20was%20in%201862%20that,substitute%20for%20shellac%20for%20waterproofing.
  • https://www.britannica.com/event/green-revolution
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race
  • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229
  • https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact1_e.htm
  • https://www.history.com/news/printing-press-renaissance
  • https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2022/07/25/when-was-facebook-created/10040883002/
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae
  • https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/battle-somme
  • https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/bombing-nagasaki-august-9-1945


    • ]]>     2023-05-08 13:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2582017172     The World Trade Organization is founded - January 1, 1995 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596271354 - The World Trade Organization(WTO) was born out of five decades of negotiations aimed at progressively reducing obstacles to trade.
    - Countries have faced trade barriers and wanted them lowered, the negotiations have helped to open markets for trade.
    - The 23 founding members were: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, India, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Southern Rhodesia, Syria, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States.
    ]]>     2023-05-18 13:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596271354     Invention of the Printing Press - 1468 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596273661 - A German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited for inventing the printing press. 
    - The printing press allows us to share large amounts of information quickly and in huge numbers. 
    - Johann Gutenberg's invention of movable-type printing quickened the spread of knowledge, discoveries, and literacy in Renaissance Europe. 
    - The printing revolution also contributed mightily to the Protestant Reformation that split apart the Catholic Church.
     
    ]]>     2023-05-18 13:29:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596273661     Facebook launches - February 4, 2004 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596274401 - Mark Zuckerberg is the founder, chairman and CEO of Meta, which he originally founded as Facebook in 2004.
    - The original purpose of Facebook was a way to bring the social experience of college to the Internet.
    - It began at Harvard University in 2003 as Facemash, an online service for students to judge the attractiveness of their fellow students
    - Harvard students who signed up for the service could post photographs of themselves and personal information about their lives, such as their class schedules and clubs they belonged to.]]>     2023-05-18 13:30:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596274401     The Battle of Thermopylae ends in defeat for the Greeks - 480 BC ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596277138 - A Persian army led Xerxes I defeated by Greek forces "Spartan King" Leonidas in the Battle of Thermopylae.
    - At Thermopylae in the summer of 480 the war lasted three days
    - The war was either between the 21–23 July, 18-20 August or 8–10 September 480 BC]]>     2023-05-18 13:32:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596277138     The Battle of the Somme begins - July 1, 1916 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596278007 - The 1916 Somme offensive was one of the largest and bloodiest battles of the First World War. 
    - It took place between 1 July and 18 November 1916
    - The opening day of the attack, 1 July 1916, saw the British Army sustain 57,000 casualties, the bloodiest day in its history. 
    - The Battle of the Somme, was fought by the armies of the British Empire and the French Third Republic against the German Empire. 
    - The battle reached on both sides of the upper reaches of the river Somme in France.]]>     2023-05-18 13:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596278007     Bombing of Nagasaki - August 6, 1945 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596279088
    - The bombing of the Japanese city of Nagasaki with the Fat Man plutonium bomb
    - The reason from the bombing was to swiftly end the war with Japan. But it was also intended to end World War II and avoid further Allied casualties.
    - After the Interim Committee decided to drop the bomb, the Target Committee determined the locations to be hit, and President Truman issued the Potsdam Proclamation as Japan’s final warning, the world soon learned the meaning of “complete and utter destruction.”
    - Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. The aerial bombings together killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people]]>     2023-05-18 13:34:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596279088     Cambridge Analytica goes bankrupt - May 1, 2018 ajclarke2 https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596282412 - Cambridge Analytica, the company at the heart of the Facebook data sharing scandal
    - The company also worked  on Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
    - Cambridge Analytica claimed to be able to use Facebook data for its clients to better target political messages to people that could be influenced, also known as “microtargeting.
    - It was actually a British political consulting firm that came to prominence through the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal.
    - The  founders had connections with, the British Conservative Party, royal family, military, and others.
    - The firm maintained offices in London, New York City, and Washington, D.C. 
    - The company blamed a "siege of media coverage" for driving away customers and forcing its closure.
    - They filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection at the US Bankruptcy Court Southern District of New York.
    - Cambridge Analytica are in debts in the range of $1m to $10m]]>     2023-05-18 13:36:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ajclarke2/3fmk3q6vpcwndwrk/wish/2596282412