• E = Explosions
Occur when electricity ignites explosive mixture of material in the air.
Electricity is source of these hazards.
All hazards are of equal importance. 
Lesson focuses on eliminating electrical hazards.

Examples of electrical hazard risks include:

Electrical Protection Methods
- Maintain safe distance from overhead power lines
- Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
- Tool safety tips
• Never carry a tool by the cord.
• Never yank the cord to disconnect it.
• Keep cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
• Disconnect when not in use and when changing accessories such as blades and bits.

Body Reactions Under Effect of Electrical Current
Current | Reaction
1 mA Perception level
5 mA | Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing
6-30 mA | Painful shock; "let-go" range
50-150 mA| Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contraction
1000-4,300 mA| Ventricular fibrillation
10,000 mA> | Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death

E = Electrocution: Electrocution is fatal; it means to kill with electricity. Electrocution results when a human is exposed to a lethal amount of electrical energy.

S = Shock: Shock results when the body becomes part of the electrical circuit; current enters the body at one point and leaves at another. Electrical shock is defined as a reflex response to the passage of electrical current through the body.

A = Arc Flash: An arc flash is the sudden release of electrical energy through the air when a high-voltage gap exists, and there is a breakdown between conductors. An arc flash gives off thermal radiation (heat) and bright, intense light that can cause burns. Temperatures have been recorded as high as 35,000°F. High-voltage arcs can also produce considerable pressure waves by rapidly heating the air and creating a blast.

An arc flash can be spontaneous or result from inadvertently bridging electrical contacts with a conducting object. Other causes may include dropped tools or the buildup of conductive dust or corrosion.

F = Fire: Most electrical distribution fires result from problems with "fixed wiring" such as faulty electrical outlets and old wiring. Problems with cords (such as extension and appliance cords), plugs, receptacles, and switches also cause electrical fires.

E = Explosions: An explosion can occur when electricity ignites an explosive mixture of material in the air.

Regulation 2 of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 refers to the dangers associated with electricity as being ‘the risk of injury’. Electrical hazards may cause death or personal injury from:

Incidents do happen and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 applies to all work activity in such proximity to electrical systems where danger might be present. Therefore, the extent of the law is not restricted to electricians and electrical engineers, but applies equally to mechanical engineers, construction workers, production staff and office employees alike, where their work activity might expose them to the dangers of electricity.

How to prevent electrical hazard accidents :-

So how do we keep people safe? – Safe Systems, Safe People and Safe Places are the answer! Safe Systems refers to safe systems of work, and starts with the recognition of those who have specific responsibilities with regards to electricity. This is often referred to as the Duty Holder structure, with the level of organisation being dependent on the size of a company and the work that it undertakes. This is required by Regulation 4(3) of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.

Electrical Safety Protective Methods

1. Use of Protective Equipment
2.General Protective Equipment and Tools
3.Alerting Techniques

Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards must be provided with and use electrical protective equipment appropriate for the parts of the body to be protected and the work performed. 

Insulated tools and handling equipment must be used by employees working near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts if the tools and/or equipment may make contact with the conductors or parts.

Alerting techniques must be used to warn and protect employees from electrical shock hazards, burns, or failure of electric equipment parts. Safety signs, safety symbols, or accident prevention tags must be used where necessary to warn employees about electrical hazards which may endanger them. 

This Personal Protective Equipment provides protection after an arc flash incident has occurred and should be viewed as the last line of protection 

-Electric shock and burns from live wire contact

-Fires from faulty wiring

-Overloading circuits

-Leaving electrical parts exposed

-Electrocution or burns from lack of PPE

-Explosions and fires from explosive and flammable substances.

-Contact with overhead power lines

-Electrical exposure to water


electrical hazard type-BURN:

Burn caused by electricity maybe resulted by three types wgich is electrical burns,arc burns and thermal contact burns. When touched electrical wiring or equipment that is used or maintaned improperly a big amount of current will passed through body to earth. Our body is weak in term of electricity-conductivity. The arc-blast occur when powerful, high-amperage current arc through the air. Temperature as high as 35 000 °F have been rrached in arc-blast


To avoid electrical hazard-uses appropriate footwear

Non-conductive footwear. Non-conductive footwear often is classified with an “EH” rating. This safety standard is designed to provide a secondary source of protection when accidentally coming in contact with live electrical circuits to reduce the potential of electric shock. When it comes to safety toes, EH-rated boots can have steel or composite toes. A common misconception is that metal in a boot is bad when working around electricity. The reality is, metal is conductive when it is in contact with other metal. Metal safety-toe caps, steel shanks, etc., are enclosed by non-conductive materials (often leather, rubber, insulation, etc.) and are therefore safe to wear in environments where live circuits are present. It also is important to select a boot with a rubber outsole that will help to ground any charges during an incident. Rubber outsoles also are long-wearing and slip-, water- and abrasion-resistant and will help to protect the wearer from slips or falls on the jobsite.

power lines carry 

extremely high voltage 

• Risks 

Electrocution (main risk) 

Burns and falls

 Contact with energized sources 
• Electrical shock and burns 

-Electrical shock occurs 

when the body becomes 

part of the electric circuit

 Damaged or bare wires 
-Fault current may travel through a body, 

causing electrical burns or death

 Improper repairs 
– Examples of incidents
 • Ballast strap not replaced after repair = Electrocution of 11 year old boy
 • Cutting off bleed resistor on capacitor= causes 370-volt shock 
• Removing and leaving off terminal insulator on capacitor = causes 440-volt shock 

 Improper use
 • Extension and flexible cords
 – Care 
– Connection
 – Capacity 

 Power strips 
 – Can be over loaded because of multiple plug arrangement – Most have overload protection but often malfunction causing fire
 – Use fixed wiring when possible 

 Portable heaters and appliances 

 

4)The resistance of the body to the current get into the bidy

>Happen when power supply is not grounded, path broken or the wire is not insulated.
>Extreme condition and/or rough treatment may increase the risk of hazards of a safe equipment.

4. Improper repairs

5. Improper use of electrical sources/appliances

6. Power strips
>Caused by overloaded of multiple plugs arrangement.
>Overload usually cause fire.

7. Electrical appliances manufacturers does not follow standard regulations