ORGANIC CHEM - GR12 by Lizelle Swanepoel https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o en-us 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC 2026-07-22 04:42:09 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f343.png ORGANIC CHEM DOES NOT INVOLVE THIS TYPE OF REACTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919155 This is an inorganic reaction between H2O2 and KI (with some dish-soap), yielding elephant toothpaste.]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919155 ORGANIC CHEM INVOLVES THIS TYPE OF REACTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919156 Organic compounds are generally flammable.]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919156 WHAT IS ORGANIC CHEM? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919158 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919158 IN A NUTSHELL lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919162 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919162 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919163 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919163 HYDROCARBONS ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919164 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919164 HOMOLOGOUS SERIES - Organic "Families" lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919165 There are numerous different “families” of organic compounds. Each “family” is a “homologous series”. 
  • A homologous series is a group of compounds which have the same functional group (center of chemical activity) and similar physical and chemical properties.

    You need to know the following classes of organic compounds (there are many more, but they fall out of the scope of your course):
  • Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
  • Haloalkanes (also called alkylhalides)
  • Alcohols
  • Carboxylic acids
  • Aldehydes
  • Ketones
  • Esters

]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919165 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND HOMOLOGOUS SERIES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919166 Homologous Series:   
A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula OR in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group.

Functional group:       
A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.

Properties of homologous series:

1.         
They have the same general formula (e.g. alkanes CnH2n+2).

2.         
Each member differs from the next by -CH2-. (e.g alkanes CH4, C2H6, C3H8…)

3.         
They have similar chemical properties. (e.g all alkanes burn to form CO2 and H2O)

4.         
Their physical properties change gradually as their molecular masses increase. The higher the mass the greater the intermolecular (van der Waal) forces. This results in increasing melting and boiling points, increased viscosity and decreasing vapour pressure. (e.g. methane (CH4) is a gas but pentane (C5H12) is a liquid)

5.         
They can be prepared by the same general methods.
]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919166 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919167 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919167 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919168 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919168 INTRODUCTORY VIDEO lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919169 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919169 NEW CONCEPT: Saturated vs Unsaturated lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919170 The term saturated normally reminds us of a salt solution that holds as much salt in the water solvent as possible. The term saturated is also used in ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 
A saturated organic compound has carbon atoms that hold the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Consequently saturated organic computer sales contain only SINGLE BONDS between carbons in the chain.
An unsaturated organic compound’s carbon atoms do not hold the maximum number of hydrogens and therefore has one or more double bonds between carbons. ]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919170 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919172 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919172 TEST FOR SATURATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919173 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919173 Naming organic compounds using IUPAC Rules lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919174
  • In general, the base of the name reflects the number of carbons in the parent chain. 
  • The suffix of the name reflects the type(s) of functional group(s) present on the parent chain. 
    • The following suffixes must be used for these functional groups:
      • Alkanes - suffix = "ane"
      • Alkenes - suffix = ene"
      • Alkynes - suffix = "yne"
      • Haloalkanes - The modified name of the halogen is used in the prefix, and is     constructed by dropping the "ine" ending of the halogen's name and adding "o".
        • e.g:
          • fluorine becomes fluoro
            chlorine becomes chloro
            bromine becomes bromo
            iodine becomes iodo
      • Alcohols - suffix = "ol"
      • Carboxylic acid - suffix =  "oic acid"
      • Esters - suffix = "oate"
  • Other groups which are attached to the parent chain are called substituted groups of substituents.
  • Start numbering the continuous carbon chain closest to the functional group, otherwise closest to a substituted group. (A functional group always "trumps" a substituted group in the numbering of the chain)
  • The substituted groups are named in alphabetical order in the naming, together with the numbered carbon they are attached to.
  • Prefixes (di, tri, tetra for example) used to designate several groups of the same kind, are not considered when alphabetizing.
]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919174 TYPES OF WAYS TO EXPRESS ORGANIC FORMULAE: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919176 At Gr11-12 level you need to know the following formulae for any organic compound:
  • MOLECULAR FORMULA
  • STRUCTURAL FORMULA
  • SEMI-STRUCTURAL FORMULA
  • CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA
]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919176 STRUCTURAL VS SEMI-STRUCTURAL FORMULAE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919177 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919177 Examples of structural vs condensed structural formulae: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919178 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919178 ISOMERS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919179 DEF:
Isomers are compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

EXAMPLES:
  • 2-methylpropane and butane are isomers of each other.
  • pent-1-ol and pent-3-ol are isomers of each other.
  • propanoic acid and metyl ethanoate are isomers of each other. (see below for an example)
]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919179 Isomers lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919180 You need to know about 3 different types of STRUCTURAL ISOMERS, namely:
  • Chain isomers
  • Positional isomers
  • Functional isomers
]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919180 Boiling points increase with stronger IMFs lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919181 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919181 Explain the BP trend in alkanes lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919182
  • The more carbons in the chain, the more electrons in the molecule. 
  • This creates greater momentary dipoles within the molecule. 
  • It induces momentary dipoles in the neighboring molecules. 
  • This generates stronger intermolecular London Forces between molecules. 
  • More energy is required to overcome the stronger London forces. 
  • Hence the boiling point increases with more carbons in the alkane chain. 


    • ]]>     2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919182     BP of alkanes vs alkenes lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919183 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919183 Organic Molecules Lab lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919184 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919184 ORGANIC REACTIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919185 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919185 COMBUSTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919186 REACTION WITH OXYGEN]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919186 COMBUSTION OF ETHANOL lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919187 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919187 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919188 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919188 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919189 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919189 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919190 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919190 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919191 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919191 CAN YOU NAME THIS ESTER? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919192 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919192 NAME THIS: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919194 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919194 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919196 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919196 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919197 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919197 HYDROCARBONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919198 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919198 ORGANIC NOTES - FOR ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919199 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919199 ANSWERS TO BOOKLET lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919200  ]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919200 ADDITION REACTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919201 HYDROGENATION REACTION ANIMATED]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919201 ADDITION - HYDRATION AND HALOGENATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919202 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919202 Just for laughs lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919205 #ScienceHumor]]> 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919205 GENERAL REVISION - EXAM QUESTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919206 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919206 Q lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919207 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919207 A lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919208 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919208 Q lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919209 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919209 A lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919210 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919210 A lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919211 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919211 Q lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919212 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919212 A lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919213 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919213 Q lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919214 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919214 A lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919215 2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919215 FOCUS POINTS FOR EXAM PREP lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919216 You must be comfortable with the concepts of:
    • Representation (Molecular, structural, condensed structural formula)
    • Homologous series
    • Functional groups
    • Substituents
    • Physical properties (Bonding and intermolecular forces)
    • Chemical properties (Reactions)
    • IUPAC naming:
    1. Naming and drawing of organic compounds is restricted to one type of functional group per compound and to a maximum of two functional groups of the same type per compound, except for haloalkanes, where a maximum of two different halogen substituents (e.g. bromo- and chloro-) are allowed per molecule.
    2. The only substituent chains that are allowed in naming and reactions are: methyl- and ethyl- groups.
    3. A maximum of THREE substituent chains (alkyl substituents) are allowed on the alkane, alkene, haloalkane, alcohol or carboxylic acid parent chain.
    4. When naming haloalkanes, the halogen atoms do not get preference over alkyl groups. 
    5. Numbering should start from the end nearest to the first substituent, either the alkyl group or the halogen. In haloalkanes, where e.g. a Br and a Cℓ have the same number when numbered from different ends of the chain, Br gets alphabetical preference.
    6. When writing IUPAC names, substituents appear as prefixes written alphabetically (bromo-, chloro-, ethyl-, methyl-), ignoring the prefixes di- and tri-.
    7. When writing IUPAC names, the following conventions must be followed:
    • Numbers are separated from letters using a dash (−).
    • Numbers are separated from numbers using a comma (,).
    • Letters are not separated at all (i.e. no space is used), with the exceptions being esters (e.g. methyl ethanoate) and carboxylic acids (e.g. propanoic acid).
    1. In some (especially smaller) molecules numbering becomes redundant, but redundancy will not be penalised. For example, methylbut−2−ene may be written as 2−methylbut−2−ene without penalty. The only exception to this is if numbering is always redundant, e.g. for a carboxylic acid: butan−1−oic acid will be penalized, as it must be written as butanoic acid.
    2. For phonic purposes, the vowel "e" is generally removed from the name before the suffix, e.g. butan−1−ol instead of butane−1−ol. But this is not done for diols, e.g. butane−1,2−diol is correct, and not butan−1,2−diol.
    3. For phonic purposes, the vowel "a" must be added to the name before the suffix for dienes, e.g. buta−1,3−diene is correct, and not but−1,3−diene.
    ]]>     2020-12-27 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1042919216     ELIMINATION - DEHYDROHALOGENATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1782242720 REACTION CONDITIONS:
    • Heat the haloalkane under REFLUX (at around 70°C; reflux ensures that the solvent does not disappear when reactants must be heated over a long period). 
    • Concentrated, strong base (NaOH or KOH) 
    • Pure ethanol solvent; absence of water (hot ethanolic base)
    ]]>     2021-09-30 18:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1782242720     ELIMINATION - DEHYDRATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1782282243 REACTION CONDITIONS:
    • Heat the alcohol while doing DISTILLATION
    • in excess H2SO4 or H3PO4 (or H2SO4/H3PO4 mixture)
    ]]>     2021-09-30 18:31:59 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1782282243     Four main types of organic reactions: Addition, Elimination, Substitution, Condensation (esterification) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784801386
    • Addition reaction  = a reaction wherein a molecule (H2, H2O, HX or X2) is added onto an unsaturated compound to form a single saturated product. 
                                         "Add to the site of the π-bond"
                                         Unsaturated → Saturated
         
    • Elimination reaction = a reaction wherein a saturated compound is broken up into two products; one product is always an unsaturated alkene. Opposite to addition.
                                      Saturated → Unsaturated

    • Substitution reaction = a reaction wherein one functional group is replaced by another functional group in a chemical compound.

    • Condensation, esterification = a reaction which splits out water - like esterification (reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid which forms an ester and water). 

    Specific examples of these reactions are discussed in further videos.
    ]]>     2021-10-01 17:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784801386     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784824474 2021-10-01 17:47:48 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784824474 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784827692 2021-10-01 17:49:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784827692 WHAT IS REFLUX? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784864902 Reflux is a technique involving condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the reaction flask.
    Benefits of reflux reactions:
    • Ensures that the solvent does not disappear when reactants must be heated over a long period
    ]]>     2021-10-01 18:07:21 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1784864902     HEAT WITH DISTILLATION - DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOL lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785045619 Formation of an alkene through dehydration elimination of an alcohol.]]> 2021-10-01 20:02:03 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785045619 SUBSTITUTION (ANIMATION) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785096485 2021-10-01 20:45:02 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785096485 ADDITION (ANIMATION) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785102088 2021-10-01 20:49:36 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785102088 ELIMINATION (ANIMATION) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785110451 2021-10-01 20:56:57 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785110451 ELIMINATION - CRACKING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785115861 Cracking of hydrocarbons:
    Breaking up of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules. 

    Reaction conditions: 
    • thermal cracking – high temperature and pressure without a catalyst          
    • catalytic cracking – lower temperature and pressure with a catalyst 
    ]]>     2021-10-01 21:01:57 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785115861     CONDENSATION, ESTERFICATION (ANIMATION) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785134532 2021-10-01 21:19:16 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/1785134532 The star of Organic Chem lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2143686833 2022-04-14 09:43:07 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2143686833 Which one of the following pairs of compounds contains members of the same homologous series? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2148311802 A            C2H4 and C3H8
    B            C3H6 and C4H6
    C            CH4O and C2H4O2
    D         C2H4O2 and C3H6O2 
    ]]>     2022-04-19 09:29:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2148311802     Formulae of Organic Compounds lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2148314544
  • Molecular formula – A chemical formula that indicates the type of atoms and the correct number of each in a molecule. Eg: C3H8

    • Structural formula –    A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Eg: photo structure above.

    •  Condensed structural formula does not show C-C and C-H single bonds. Eg:  CH3CH2CH3
    ]]>     2022-04-19 09:32:00 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2148314544     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2174629042 2022-05-08 19:14:53 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2174629042 BP OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY ALCOHOLS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2255357002 Boiling points of the above alcohols DECREASE from primary to secondary to tertiary, due to more branching resulting in smaller surface area and weaker London forces. Less energy needed to overcome weaker London IMF’s.]]> 2022-08-05 07:47:38 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2255357002 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2273946977 2022-08-28 20:57:15 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2273946977 KETONES AND ALDEHYDES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2560051966 2023-04-19 11:39:43 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2560051966 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2560057499 2023-04-19 11:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2560057499 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2560058754 2023-04-19 11:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2560058754 NOMENCLATURE RULES: NAMING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2562916443 1: Determine functional group.
    2: Determine primary carbon chain.
    3: Name primary carbon chain.
    4: Number primary carbon chain.
    5: Indicate position of functional group.
    6: Name substituents.
    7: Assign configurations.
    8: Assemble entire name.

    ]]>     2023-04-21 07:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/2562916443     ESTER NAMING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/3910424896 2026-05-13 08:20:38 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/3910424896 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/3910425328 2026-05-13 08:20:58 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/3910425328 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/3989238103 2026-07-22 04:42:08 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/3ej8rawjabd8wn4o/wish/3989238103