+ add 1-2 pictures

(Dolák, Vizner)

-   Historical context: the period of time from the Civil war to the end of the century

-  Realism wa influenced by contemporary events – negative impacts of the industial revolution, deficient solution to social issues, living conditions of the poor people and problems in family relationships

-   Topics: everyday situation, real life, common problems

-    Realisms authors tried to showed the real world without any beautification

-       Typical features, ideas

-       Genres:novels, short stories

-       Stories was written in natural language, detailed descriptions

-       Authors: MARK TWAIN, HERMANN MELVILLE

Mark Twain

-       American journalist, he spent his childhood in Missori -> inspiration for his work

-       He wanted to become steersman

-       He wrote humorous stories, reports, travelogues

-       The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Hermann Melville

-       American novelist, a lifeguard and sailor on a whaling ship

-       He depicted the exotic landscape, the adventurous life of the poeple

-       Moby Dick,White Whale

Other authors: Willa Cather, and Kate Chopin.

• World war I. -> 1914-1918

• Main idea: A rejection of history, traditionalism and conservative values

• Artistic movement -> architecture, art, literature, music….

• Typical features: abstract art, first person perspective, symbolism…

• Themes in literature: isolation, individualism, absurd society, mental problems, existential crisis…

LITERATURE:

Virginia Woolf (*1882-✝️1941)

• English writer

• Had mental problems -> committed suicide

• Bloomsbury group -> group of artists

• Works: Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando, To the Lighthouse

James Joyce (*1882-✝️1941)

• Irish writer

• He lived in Dublin

• books from the Dublin environment

• Stream of consciousness -> narrative technique captures the flow of characters thoughts

• Works: Odesseus, Dubliners

Marcel Proust -> In Search of Lost Time

ART:

• Piet Mondrian

• Salvator Dali

  made by: Sabina Pavelková

Ernest Hemingway (1898, Chicago - 1961)

• author and journalist

• began writing in high school

• Ambulance driver during World War I in Italy

• Nobel Prize in literature, 1954

• Suicide

  -> The old man and the sea

  -> For Whom the Bell Tolls

  -> A Farewell to Arms

John Steinbeck (1902, California - 1968)

• working on farmes and ranches

• try to write in NY - no success (novels Cup of gold, To a God unknown)

• 1935 - Tortilla Flat won Club’s Gold Medal

• 1940 - Pulitzer Prize for The Grapes of Wrath

• 1962 - The Nobel Prize

  -> East of Eden

  -> Of Mice and Men

Francis Scott Fitzgerald - The Great Gatsby

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry - Le Petit Prince

--originated in England (16th and 17th century - it influence coloniers

• writers exploring themes like community, morality, themes of faith. individual relationship with God

WRITERS

• John winthrop - puritan lawyer

best known for his sermon A MODEL OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY.

• Edward taylor

poet, minister and physician

• Cotton Mather

minister

many historical works including MAGNALIA CHRISTI AMERICANA

(michaela Nohova)

Many influential thinkers and writers emerged, contributing to the development of American identity and ideals

Some notable authors from this period include Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson.

Franklin "Autobiography," future president

Paine "Common Sense"

Jefferson "Declaration of Independence," future president

All works played a significant role in shaping American thought and values

  (After War of Independence)

-  way of thinking that the person is over the group, person’s emotional experience over reason

• Imagination, emotions and intuition dominated over facts

-  Genres: Poetry, short stories + Gothic Novel

-  Topics: nature, freedom and lovec

- Gothic novel writer

-  A founder of horror and detective story

-  Suffered from mental disorders => ill heroes are also in his works

-  Features of his work - mystery, horror, unhappy love, depression

-  he had become an orphan by the time he was three years old

- He was taken in by the wealthy Allan family and even took the surname of his foster parents5 as his own middle name

Famous works:

- “The Pit and the Pendulum” – One story about man in the prison

- “The Raven” – Mysterious raven visits depressed mad lover

- “The Black cat and other stories “

Native Americans literature is both oral and written.

It was produced by Native Americans in what is now the United States.

Oral traditions include: narrative story-telling, songs, chants and poetry used for rituals and ceremonies.

Element of nature are the most common festure.

Most stories include a hero on a quest, a trickster who interferes, a change in nature.

Main representatives-> Louise Erdrich.

Writter with indian origins.

-her books have won the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction

-She writte novel The Sentence.

others: Joy Harjo.

Sherman Alexie

(1950 - present)

The term postmodernism

• It is not a precisely defined term or philosophical/ artistic direction

• It is rather a view of the situation of a person in the world who has lost faith in traditional values

  
  

Postmodernism in literature

• Not a group of authors that are following certainties artistic concept

• It is a literature which:

  opposes modern and avant-garde tendencies

  parodies traditional literary genres and formes

  uses intertextuality

  contains several layers of meaning

  blurs the distinctions between valuable and junk texts

  the reader is invited to cooperate with the author in the "language game" in the book

  
  

Authors who, for example, belong to postmodernism:

Kurt Vonnegut - Slaughterhouse five

J. D. Salinger - The catcher in the rye

Arthur Miller - Death of a salesman

and nowdays for example Michael Cunningham - The Hours

• modern literature that is written and published in recent times

• includes a diverse range of genres, styles and themes

• Contemporary literature explores identity, experiments with form and style

• it is representing a range of cultures, genders and experiences

• it reflects the influence of technology in our lives

American writer

• During the second world war he was in the army.

• He was captured and placed in a "POW" camp in Dresden.

• He experienced the bombing of Dresden. There he helped clear away the dead bodies.

• This trauma is reflected in several of his books. For example "Slaughterhouse five"

Other writers

• Tim O´Brian

• Tom Clancy

• Sherman Alexie