https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p en-us 2023-01-24 16:23:19 UTC 2025-06-03 15:30:06 UTC hello@padlet.com jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454946373 2023-01-24 16:26:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454946373 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454947681 2023-01-24 16:27:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454947681 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454948603 2023-01-24 16:28:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454948603 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454952733 Double helix structure (looks like twisted ladder). ]]> 2023-01-24 16:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454952733 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454957004 Needs 1 primer then builds continuously.]]> 2023-01-24 16:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454957004 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454961125 Builds in discontinuous segments called Okazaki fragments. Also called the "scumbag strand".]]> 2023-01-24 16:35:24 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454961125 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454965938 -matches correct nucleotides together
-proofreads
-rids of RNA primer
-on both strands]]> 2023-01-24 16:37:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2454965938 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2455164219 Deoxyribose sugar and phosphates makeup the outsides.]]> 2023-01-24 18:39:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2455164219 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2455635036 The "rungs" of the ladder are made of nitrogen bases bonded together with hydrogen bonds.]]> 2023-01-25 04:01:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2455635036 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456376599 Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are made up of a single phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base. ]]> 2023-01-25 16:02:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456376599 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456377492 There are only 4 nitrogen bases and they only match up with one other base. A pairs up with T, and G pairs up with C.]]> 2023-01-25 16:03:21 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456377492 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456379587 Purine bases are the bigger bases that have 2 c-n rings. Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are purine bases.]]> 2023-01-25 16:04:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456379587 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456381555 Pyrimidine Bases are smaller bases with only 1 c-n ring. Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are pyrimidine bases.]]> 2023-01-25 16:05:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456381555 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456386914 Are given credit for figuring out the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick, along with another scientist named Wilkins, were given a Nobel Prize in 1962 for their achievement.]]> 2023-01-25 16:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456386914 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456391541 Spent countless hours being exposed to radiation to capture x-ray pictures of DNA. Eventually she produced Photo 51, a clear picture showing the structure of DNA. Before publishing her work, she does the math behind the positioning of everything in the structure, but it's too late because Watson and Crick had published their work just before she had.]]> 2023-01-25 16:11:35 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456391541 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456395601 In the DNA structure there are 2 different bonds at work. Hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. Hydrogen bonds connect 2 nitrogen bases together. Covalent bonds attach sugar and phosphates together.]]> 2023-01-25 16:13:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456395601 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456400703 DNA replication is when DNA makes an exact copy of itself for a new cell. You may need a new cell because your cells are dividing, you're growing, to replace old or worn out cells, bone regrowth, concussions or bruises, or cuts/blisters and wounds.]]> 2023-01-25 16:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456400703 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456402720 Unwinds and unzips the DNA by breaking through the hydrogen bonds.]]> 2023-01-25 16:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456402720 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456403879 Creates an RNA primer so DNA Polymerase knows where to start.]]> 2023-01-25 16:19:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456403879 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456404816 Acts as glue and "glues" Okazaki fragments together.]]> 2023-01-25 16:19:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456404816 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456407062 -Form only on the Lagging strand
-Segments that DNA polymerase has worked on
-Need to be connected]]> 2023-01-25 16:21:04 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456407062 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456411990 The carbons on the deoxyribose sugar are numbered. The DNA strands are anti-parallel, meaning the 5' and 3' are pointing in opposite directions. DNA only forms in the 5' -> 3' direction, which causes the lagging strand to occur.]]> 2023-01-25 16:23:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456411990 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456414555 -Single stranded binding protein
-Holds both sides of DNA apart
-At replication fork]]> 2023-01-25 16:25:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456414555 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456420118 Helicase unzips the DNA and RNA polymerase pairs RNA nucleotides correctly. Only forms on one side in the 5' -> 3' direction. ]]> 2023-01-25 16:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456420118 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456421293 -Happens first
-When mRNA (single stranded) is made from DNA strand]]> 2023-01-25 16:29:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456421293 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456423479 -mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
-Ribosome reads mRNA and assembles the amino acid chain]]> 2023-01-25 16:30:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456423479 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456427989 -shaped like a "clover"
-has anti-codons that pair up with the mRNA's codons
-carries specific amino acid at the top the correspond with an mRNA codon]]> 2023-01-25 16:33:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456427989 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456430729 -20 amino acids in total
-amino acid chains make up proteins
-multiple specific codons code for 1 amino acid]]> 2023-01-25 16:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456430729 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456434282 -group of 3 bases
-Codon: mRNA, U replaces T
-Anti-codon: tRNA, T also replaced, opposite codon]]> 2023-01-25 16:36:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456434282 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456436729 -Ribosome scans for the start codon before it can begin to make the amino acid chain
-Only 1 start codon: AUG
-AUG codes for the amino acid Methionine.]]> 2023-01-25 16:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456436729 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456437477 -Ribosome reads mRNA strand until it reaches 1 of 3 different stop codons
-UAA, UAG, UGA]]> 2023-01-25 16:38:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2456437477 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457059569 -Form between amino acids
-Very strong bonds]]> 2023-01-26 03:23:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457059569 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457061979 Proteins make up just about everything about us. From our hair to our muscles. Without proteins we wouldn't be who we are.]]> 2023-01-26 03:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457061979 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457062453 A permanent DNA change caused by mutagens.]]> 2023-01-26 03:28:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457062453 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457062970 -None
-Beneficial
-Genetic disorder (bad)
-Cancer (also bad)]]> 2023-01-26 03:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457062970 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457063400 -Can affect an entire chromosome
-Cells could have and extra or missing chromosome]]> 2023-01-26 03:29:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457063400 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457064040 Extra chromosome: Downs syndrome 
Missing: Turner's syndrome (missing sex chromosome)]]> 2023-01-26 03:30:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457064040 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457064554 They have no effect because the amino acid didn't change.]]> 2023-01-26 03:31:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457064554 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457065905 Ex:
-Mutations in bacteria that allow them to become antibiotic resistant
-Humans being able to digest dairy]]> 2023-01-26 03:33:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457065905 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457066365 1) Gene mutation (small)
2) Chromosome mutation (big)]]> 2023-01-26 03:34:31 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457066365 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457067223 -point mutation: 1 base changed (ex: sickle cell)
-frame shift: 1 base added or subtracted]]> 2023-01-26 03:35:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457067223 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457068502 -Happens because 1 single base changed
-Causes mainly lungs and other digestive organs to fill with thick mucus ]]> 2023-01-26 03:37:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457068502 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457069541 -When red blood cells are misshapen 
-Often described as extremely painful like all of your arteries and veins are being scratched out]]> 2023-01-26 03:39:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457069541 jacquelineorvis26 https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457071982 2023-01-26 03:43:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jacquelineorvis26/3cq0j5ubvbvp037p/wish/2457071982