Nervous system by https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h . en-us 2018-04-29 18:50:05 UTC 2023-07-01 17:04:25 UTC hello@padlet.com Organisation of nervous system Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256333090 Nervous system is the  network of  fibres and nerve cells  which transmits nerve impulses to all parts of the body. When you want your feet to move, your brain sends signals through your nerves to your feet telling the muscles to contract. The nerves send loads of electrical impulses (action potentials) to different muscles in your feet, which allow you to move your feet. There are three main types of neurones: sensory, motor and motor neurones. Sensory neurones transmit electrical impulses from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). The motor neurones transmit electrical impulses from the CNS to the effectors. Relay neurones (also named intermediate) transmit electrical impulses between sensory neurones and motor neurones. 

]]> 2018-04-29 19:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256333090 Function of the nervous system Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256333225 The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Altogether, these organs are responsible for coordinating and controlling the body. The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system (CNS), where information taken in and where decisions are made. The sensory nerves and sense organs makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Motor output, sensory input and integration are the overlapping functions of the nervous system.
Sensory input is the information gathered by the sensory receptor with external and internal changes such as temperature. When there is too much light, the sensory receptors detect it and sends signals for the pupils to contract.  Integration interprets the sensory input. By this, it sends the signals to the motor output. Motor output is the activation of the effector organs and then produces a response.
This nervous system controls everything in the body (apart from brain and spinal cord). The CNS contains the relay neurons and the PNS contains motor and sensory neurons.  Action potential- 1. Depolarisation, this makes the cells less polar. This allows the postively charged sodium flow into a negatively charged axon. 2. Repolarisation, this brings the cell back to resting potential. This closes the sodium channel and the potassium channel opens. This will polarise the cell so it goes back to its resting state. 3. Hyperpolarisation this makes the cell more negative than its resting potential. The potassium channel stays open and lets the positive ions exit the neuron. The sodium-potassium pump works to get it to go back to the resting state.  

]]> 2018-04-29 19:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256333225 Nervous communication Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256686397 A stimulus is detected by a receptor cell when an electrical impulse is sent along the sensory neurone. When an eletrical impulse reaches to the end of a neurone the chemicals which are present there are called neurotransmitters, this takes the information across the synapse (the gap) to the next neurone.  The CNS processes the information and sends impulses along the motor neurones to an effector. A real life example of nervous communication, is where you see a friend waving to you and you wave back in response:
  • Stimulus- You see the friend waving.
  • Receptor- light receptor in your eyes detect the wave. 
  • CNS- The CNS controls/processes the information which sends impulses to the motor neurone.
  • Effectors- The motor neurone stimulates the muscle cells.
  • Response- The muscle contracts to make your arm wave back.
]]> 2018-04-30 19:54:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256686397 Simple reflexes Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256694117 A simple reflex happens alot  faster then communication.  This reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus. The pathway of the communication goes through the spinal cord but it doesnt go through the conscious parts of the brain, this means the response has occurred  automatically. Simple reflexes help protect the organisms so that , they can help protect the body from damage as the reponse happens so quickly. The pathway of neurones which links receptors to effectors in a simple reflex is called the reflect arc. A real-life example of simple reflex is: removing your hand from a hot object/surface
  • Stimulus- you touch a hot surface
  • Receptor- heat receptors in your skin detect the stimulus. 
  • CNS- A relay neurones in the spinal cord carries the impulse to a motor neurone. 
  • Effectors- the motor neurone which carries the impulse to the muscles cells in your biceps
  • Response- the bicep muscle contracts which pulls your hand away from the surface to stop anymore damage. 
]]> 2018-04-30 20:24:04 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/256694117 Endocrine system Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257175400 Endocrine gland is a gland that secretes hormones into interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)  then the blood. Endocrine system is all the endocrine glands and hormone-secreting glands regulating the acitivity and growth of the target cells in your body. Hormones also regulate your metabolism. 
As boys and girls start puberty, their physical appearance and behaviour changes. In girls, estrogen promotes the adipose tissue to increase, this increases the size of the breasts and hips. In boys, testosterone helps increase the muscle mass, this also enlarges the vocal cords, this makes the boys voice change to a low-pitched voice (deeper voice) ]]> 2018-05-02 10:27:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257175400 Function of the Endocrine system Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257179275
  • Endocrine system helps regulate:
    • The chemicals in interstitial fluid and the amount of fluid present
    • Metabolism and energy balance 
    • Contraction of involuntary muscle fibres (cardiac and smooth  muscle fibres)
    • Secretion in the glands
      2.  Controls the growth and development
      3. Regulates the reproductive system

    When structure and function works together
    Human growth hormone (hGH)     targets mainly at the liver (and some other tissues). This stimulates the liver, cartilage and bones and other tissues to secrete a fluid which promotes the body cells, protein synthesis and tissue repair.
    Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland which stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
    Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) targets the ovaries and testes. In females, it triggers the egg ripening and it produces oestrogen. In males, it stimulates the testes to produce sperm
    Leutenising hormone (LH) targets the ovaries and testes. In females, it triggers ovulation  and it produces progesterone. In males, it stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.
    Prolactin (PRL) targets the mammary glands. This promotes milk production by the mammary glands. 

    ]]>     2018-05-02 10:44:55 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257179275     Relationship between nervous system and endocrine systems Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257192453 Hormones from the endocrine system and nerve impulses from the nervous system work together to provide communication and regulation of most of body tissues. The hypothalamus regulates the secretion of the hormones from the anterior and posterior anterior pituitary. Nervous system regulates the secretion of hormones from adrenal medulla and the pancreas. The endocrine systems process takes a lot longer than that of the nervous system, as endocrine hormones must first be synthesied, transported to their target cell, and enter or signal the cell. However, although hormones act more slowly than a nervous impulse, their effects are typically longer lasting. ]]> 2018-05-02 11:47:07 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257192453 Reference page Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257577485 Nervous system https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/www.news-medical.net/amp/health/What-is-the-Nervous-System.aspx
    Last accessed 30/04/18

    Function of nervous system http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html Last accessed 01/05/18

    Endocrine system
    https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/endocrine-system-facts last accessed 2/05/18

    Endocrine system (hormone) https://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/the-endocrine-system last accessed 2/05/18 

    ]]>     2018-05-03 10:11:33 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/257577485     Nervous system Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/266836972  ]]> 2018-06-12 14:51:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/266836972 Function of the endocrine system Amybucknall https://padlet.com/Amybucknall/3b9v67nqp91h/wish/268507911
    • The endocrine system is a system of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried long distances to other target organs that regulate key body and organ functions.
    • The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, pineal, ovaries, testes, thyroid, hypothalamus, and adrenal glands.

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