English Language Learners by Njeri Muraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo Njeri Muraya | EDG 6305 en-us 2021-07-23 23:24:01 UTC 2021-07-24 18:29:25 UTC hello@padlet.com Supporting ELL Students nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659703638 This Padlet was created by the Counseling Team for Teachers K-12.

Our high-priority focus is supporting English Language Learners (ELL).

This topic is important because many schools, including the ones I've work in,  are minority-filled, including many students whose first language is NOT English, which creates a language barriers in an academic setting. It's important that these students are afforded the same opportunity as general education student, given support and accommodations.]]> 2021-07-23 23:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659703638 Importance nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659708080 English Language Learners are students who are unable to communicate fluently or learn effectively in English. These students come from non-English-speaking homes and backgrounds. These students typically require specialized or modified instruction in all their academic courses. The percentage of students identified as English learners grew from 16.9 percent in 2009-10 to 20.3 percent in 2019-2021 (TEA, 2021). It is important to have necessary procedures and accommodations in place to best support these ELL students.

Although English learners are increasingly dispersed across the nation, they are not equally distributed across schools. Seventy percent of the nation's ELL students attend just 10% of the nation's schools. These schools tend to be in urban areas with high concentrations of minority and economically disadvantaged students. English learners thus tend to be highly segregated from English-speaking students, attending schools with very high percentages of students like themselves, where the opportunity to hear good models of English and interact with peers who are native speakers are minimal (Gándara & Hopkins, 2010).

Gándara, P. and Hopkins, M. Forbidden Language: English Learners and Restrictive Language Policies. Excerpt from Chapter 1, "The Changing Linguistic Landscape of the United States." Pgs. 10-17. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University. 2010. Retrieved from https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/challenges-english-learner-education ]]> 2021-07-23 23:42:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659708080 English Language Learners nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659758835 National Education Association. (2020, July). English Language Learners. NEA. https://www.nea.org/resource-library/english-language-learners 

This article highlights the important changes in the history of education for ELL students influenced by the National Education Association (NEA). 

NEA advocated that non-English speaking students were not deficient, the materials, techniques and schools were.

The NEA held a conference on bilingual education in 1966 which led to the 1968 passage of the Bilingual Education Act.

The created "All In! How Educators Can Advocate for English Language Learners" which is a guide for championing the opportunities ELL students deserve.]]> 2021-07-24 02:16:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659758835 Four Educator-Recommended Approaches for Teaching English-Language Learners nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659767470 Ferlazzo, L. (2021, June 28). Four Educator-Recommended Approaches for Teaching English-Language Learners. EducationWeek. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-four-educator-recommended-approaches-for-teaching-english-language-learners/2021/06

This article highlights how using sentence stems and frames, translanguaging, reading groups, and implementing consistency.
 
- Sentence stems are sentence starters that the teacher provides to students to help get them started in their oral responses or their writing assignments. When asking students to respond to a question, the teacher provides a sentence stem that rephrases the question into an answer statement. 

- Translanguaging: Translanguaging is a powerful theoretical and pedagogical stance that centers on students’ linguistic and social resources. Teachers who use translanguaging pedagogy in their classrooms make space for students to use their entire linguistic repertoire to construct meaning. In other words, translanguaging in classrooms supports and builds upon the multilingual language practices of students.

- Reading Groups: Rotating reading groups is a small, differentiated group strategy that a teacher can use in my Newcomer ELL class to target language and content grade-level skills for language learners at their level of language proficiency.

- Practice Consistency: When implementing these practices and other support measures, keep it consistent so that you can consistently monitor academic growth





]]> 2021-07-24 02:39:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659767470 How Will Schools Teach English-Language Learners This Fall? nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659773315 Mitchell, C. (2020, September 20). How Will Schools Teach English-Language Learners This Fall? EducationWeek. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/how-will-schools-teach-english-language-learners-this-fall/2020/09 

This article questions how ELL students are going to learn returning to school amid COVID-19, after the shut down in spring 2019. 

- The deputy director for English-learner education  with the education policy program at New America, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, compiled a national database of state guidance and resources for English-learner education

- Some states offered in-depth guidance on distance learning, including tips  on how to identify ELLs and best support their language development

- Many ELL students struggled during the spring school closures, the schools were still unsure of opening back up

-  And afraid of further regression of the ELL students, several states urged districts to priorities in-person learning for ELLs

]]> 2021-07-24 02:55:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659773315 Slide #6 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659783914 STATUTORY LAW
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015 replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), with the purpose of providing all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to close educational achievement gaps. The subgrants are intended to go toward improving ELL students’ instruction and abilities to meet state academic content and achievement standards. By accepting federal funds, districts are required to provide language accommodations to non-English-speaking families. 

Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 6301 (2015). 
https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1177 
]]> 2021-07-24 03:23:24 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659783914 Slide #7 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659785160 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
14th Amendment of the Constitution states that no State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. 

U.S. Constitution amend. XIV]]> 2021-07-24 03:26:38 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659785160 Slide #8 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659785600 JUDICIAL LAW
Lau v. Nichols (1974), the Court determined that the school’s system’s failure to provide supplemental English language instruction to students of Chinese ancestry who spoke no English constituted a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act because it deprived those students of an opportunity to participate in the public education program. 

414 U.S. 563 (1974) ]]> 2021-07-24 03:27:47 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659785600 Slide #9 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659785976 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
(a) The parent shall be notified in English and the parent's primary language that their child has been classified as an English learner and recommended for placement in the required bilingual education or English as a second language (ESL) program. 

The parent shall be provided information describing the bilingual education or ESL program recommended, its benefits to the student, and its being an integral part of the school program to ensure that the parent understands the purposes and content of the program. 

The entry or placement of a student in the bilingual education or ESL program must be approved in writing by the student's parent in order to have the student included in the bilingual education allotment. The parent's approval shall be considered valid for the student's continued participation in the required bilingual education or ESL program until the student meets the reclassification criteria described in §89.1226(i) of this title (relating to Testing and Classification of Students), the student graduates from high school, or a change occurs in program placement.

(b) The school district shall give written notification to the student's parent of the student's reclassification as English proficient and his or her exit from the bilingual education or ESL program and acquire written approval as required under the Texas Education Code, §29.056(a). Students meeting reclassification requirements may continue in the bilingual education or ESL program with parental approval.
 
(c) The parent of a student enrolled in a school district that is required to offer bilingual education or ESL programs may appeal to the commissioner of education if the school district fails to comply with the law or the rules. Appeals shall be filed in accordance with Chapter 157 of this title (relating to Hearings and Appeals). 

Parental Authority and Responsibility, 19. Tex. Admin. Code § 89.1240
]]> 2021-07-24 03:28:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659785976 Slide #10 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659786582 HISD SCHOOL POLICY/EMPLOYEE HANDBOOK 
When EL (English Learner) students are identified based on a valid and reliable ELP test, school districts must provide them with appropriate language assistance services. Language assistance services or programs of EL students must be educationally sound in theory and effective in practice. 

Houston ISD. (2015, January 7). Teacher Handbook, Federal Guidance on Educating Els.
Retrieved from https://www.houstonisd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=325303&dataid=319668&FileName=Business-Operations-Employee-Handbook-2020-CS-FS-digital.pdf 
]]> 2021-07-24 03:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659786582 Slide #11 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659792594 Standard 1.7. The educator shall comply with state regulations, written local school board policies, and other state and federal laws.

Teachers should follow federal, state and local laws regarding ELL students and the right to a fair and equal education. Many laws have been put in place to ensure that accommodations are made for these student in every academic setting. 

Code of Ethics, 19 Tex. Admin. Code §247.2]]> 2021-07-24 03:47:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659792594 Slide #12 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659793554 The ELL Teacher's Toolbox

Ferlazzo, L., & Sypnieski, K. H. (2018). The ELL Teacher’s Toolbox. Wiley.

The ELL Teacher's Toolbox is a valuable resource for teachers of ELLs. The book is divided into two main sections: Reading/Writing and Speaking/Listening. Each section has 40-70 strategies that can be used across all contents. The book also includes ready-to-use lesson plans, reproducible handouts, and offers technology integration ideas. ]]> 2021-07-24 03:50:08 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659793554 Slide #13 nmuraya https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659797659 6 BEST PRACTICES FOR WORKING AND SUPPORTING ELL STUDENTS
1. Cultivate relationships and be culturally aware and responsive to all students.
2. Teach language skills across the curriculum. (For example, every class can have students compose some type of writing prompt.)
3. Emphasize productive language by having things like word walls and vocabulary cards.
4. Speak slowly - and increase your wait time when waiting for a response from an ELL student.
5. Differentiate and use multiple modalities when creating instruction, group and individual learning.
6. Incorporate the student's native languages - this include when sending paperwork home to non-English speaking parents]]> 2021-07-24 04:03:20 UTC https://padlet.com/nmuraya/3ag0q633irbxgumo/wish/1659797659