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The first reason is that under the marshy Wetland that it's built on is a layer of hard clay which naturally isn't as hard a stone, so technically the weight of the buildings meant Venice started sinking the day it was built.

The second is the use of artisan wells in the 50s and 60s. This caused the sediment layers below to compress and the land sinks, the subsidence was so bad that they were banned in the 1960s.

The third one is one of the biggest problems Venice faces, and it's called aqua alta, which means high water in English. Whilst this is an expected phenomenon it's getting more severe and regular due to climate change. The aqua alta in 2019 was so bad, it reached a height of six foot and one inch

And finally, the fourth, millions of tourists arrive in Venice via huge cruise ships. These vessels displaced large volumes of water damaging fragile foundations and harming the delicate marine life.